Chapter 4.6: The Cytoskeleton Flashcards
1
Q
What are the 3 fibers that compose the cytoskeleton?
A
- Actin Filaments (Microfilaments)
- Microtubules
- Intermediate Filaments
2
Q
Define actin
A
Actin- one of the two major proteins that make up vertebrate muscle
3
Q
What is the size of actin filaments?
A
7 nm in diameter
4
Q
Which cytoskelelatal element is 7 nm in diameter?
A
actin filament
5
Q
What are actin filaments composed of?
A
Composed of two protein chains loosely twined together
6
Q
What are actin filaments responsible for?
A
Responsible for cellular movements such as contraction, crawling, “pinching” during division, and formation of cellular extensions
7
Q
What is the size of microtubule?
A
25 nm in diameter
8
Q
What are microtubules composed of?
A
Composed of a ring of 13 protein protofilaments
9
Q
What are microtubule responsible for?
A
Facilitate cellular movement, organize the cytoplasm, and are responsible for moving materials within the cell itself
10
Q
What are intermediate filaments composed of?
A
Composed of a system of tough, fibrous protein molecules twined together in an overlapping arrangement
11
Q
What is the size of intermediate filament?
A
8 to 10 nm in diameter
12
Q
Which cytoskeletal element is
A
actin filaments
13
Q
Which cytoskeletal element is Composed of two protein chains loosely twined together?
A
actin filaments
14
Q
Which cytoskeletal element Exhibit polarity?
A
actin filaments
15
Q
Which cytoskeletal element Spontaneously form?
A
actin filaments
16
Q
Which cytoskeletal element Responsible for cellular movements such as contraction, crawling, “pinching” during division?
A
actin filaments
17
Q
Which cytoskeletal element formation of cellular extensions?
A
actin filaments
18
Q
Which cytoskeletal element is largest of the cytoskeletal elements ?
A
microtubules
19
Q
Which cytoskeletal element is 25 nm in diameter?
A
microtubules
20
Q
Which cytoskeletal element is Composed of a ring of 13 protein protofilaments?
A
microtubules
21
Q
Which cytoskeletal element Tube-shaped?
A
microtubules
22
Q
Which cytoskeletal element Facilitate cellular movement?
A
microtubules
23
Q
Which cytoskeletal element organize the cytoplasm?
A
microtubules
24
Q
Which cytoskeletal element is the responsible for moving materials within the cell itself?
A
microtubules
25
Which cytoskeletal element is Most durable of the cytoskeletal elements?
intermediate filaments
26
Which cytoskeletal element is Composed of a system of tough, fibrous protein molecules twined together in an overlapping arrangement?
intermediate filaments
27
Which cytoskeletal element is 8 to 10 nm in diameter?
intermediate filaments
28
Define centrioles
a cytoplasmic organelle located outside the nuclear membrane, identical in structure to a basal body; found in animal cells and in the flagellated cells of other groups; divides and organizes spindle fibers during mitosis and meiosis
29
What is a cytoplasmic organelle located outside the nuclear membrane, identical in structure to a basal body; found in animal cells and in the flagellated cells of other groups; divides and organizes spindle fibers during mitosis and meiosis?
centrioles
30
Define centrosome
o Centrosome- the region surrounding the pair of centrioles in almost all animal cells
31
Define pericentriolar material
o Pericentriolar Material- surrounds the centrioles in the centrosome; contains ring-shaped structures composed of tubulin; can nucleate the assembly of microtubules in animal cells
32
Define microtubule-organizing centers
structures that can nucleate the assembly of microtubules
33
What are the 4 components required to move material along microtubes?
1. • A vesicle or organelle that is to be transported
2. • A motor protein that provides the energy-driven motion
3. • A connector molecule that connects the vesicle to the motor molecule
4. • Microtubules on which the vesicles will ride
34
Define kinesis
Kinesin- a motor protein that uses ATP to power its movement toward the cell periphery, dragging the vesicle with it as it travels along the microtubule toward the plus end
35
Define dynein
Dynein- a motor protein which directs movement in the opposite direction along microtubules toward the minus end, inward toward the cell’s center
36
Describe the plasma membrane
Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
37
Describe the nucleus
Structure (usually spherical) that contains chromosomes and is surrounded by double membrane
38
Describe the chromosomes
Long threads of DNA that form a complex with protein
39
Describe the nucleolus
Site of genes for rRNA synthesis
40
Describe the ribosomes
Small, complex assemblies of protein and RNA, often bound to ER
41
Describe the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
network of internal membranes
42
Describe the golgi apparatus
Stacks of flattened vesicles
43
Describe the lysosomes
Vesicles derived from Golgi apparatus that contain hydrolytic digestive enzymes
44
Describe the microbodies
Vesicles that are formed from incorporation of lipids and proteins and that contain oxidative and other enzymes
45
Describe the mitochondria
Bacteria-like elements with double membrane
46
Describe the chloroplasts
Bacteria-like elements with double membrane surrounding a third, thylakoid membrane containing chlorophyll, a photosynthetic pigment
47
Describe the cytoskeleton
Network of protein filaments
48
Describe the flagella (cilia)
Cellular extensions with 9 + 2 arrangement of pairs of microtubules
49
Describe the cell wall
Outer layer of cellulose or chitin; or absent
50
Which eukaryotic cell structure is being described? Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
plasma membrane
51
Which eukaryotic cell structure is being described? Structure (usually spherical) that contains chromosomes and is surrounded by double membrane
nucleus
52
Which eukaryotic cell structure is being described? Long threads of DNA that form a complex with protein
chromosomes
53
Which eukaryotic cell structure is being described? Site of genes for rRNA synthesis
nucleolus
54
Which eukaryotic cell structure is being described? Small, complex assemblies of protein and RNA, often bound to ER
ribosomes
55
Which eukaryotic cell structure is being described? Network of internal membranes
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
56
Which eukaryotic cell structure is being described? Stacks of flattened vesicles
golgi apparatus
57
Which eukaryotic cell structure is being described? Vesicles derived from Golgi apparatus that contain hydrolytic digestive enzymes
lysosomes
58
Which eukaryotic cell structure is being described? Vesicles that are formed from incorporation of lipids and proteins and that contain oxidative and other enzymes
microbodies
59
Which eukaryotic cell structure is being described? Bacteria-like elements with double membrane
mitochondria
60
Which eukaryotic cell structure is being described? Bacteria-like elements with double membrane surrounding a third, thylakoid membrane containing chlorophyll, a photosynthetic pigment
chloroplasts
61
Which eukaryotic cell structure is being described? Network of protein filaments
cytoskeleton
62
Which eukaryotic cell structure is being described? Cellular extensions with 9 + 2 arrangement of pairs of microtubules
flagella (cilia)
63
Which eukaryotic cell structure is being described?
Outer layer of cellulose or chitin; or absent
64
What is the function of the plasma membrane?
Regulates what passes into and out of cell; cell-to-cell recognition; connection and adhesion; cell communication
65
Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? Regulates what passes into and out of cell
plasma membrane
66
Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? cell-to-cell recognition
plasma membrane
67
Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? connection and adhesion
plasma membrane
68
Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? cell communication
plasma membrane
69
What is the function of the nucleus?
Instructions for protein synthesis and cell reproduction; contains genetic information
70
Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? Instructions for protein synthesis and cell reproduction
nucleus
71
Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? contains genetic information
nucleus
72
What is the function of the chromosomes?
Contain hereditary information used to direct synthesis of proteins
73
Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? Contain hereditary information used to direct synthesis of proteins
chromosomes
74
What is the function of the nucleolus?
Synthesis of rRNA and ribososme assembly
75
Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? Synthesis of rRNA and ribososme assembly
nucleolus
76
What is the function of the ribosomes?
Site of protein synthesis
77
Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? Site of protein synthesis
ribosomes
78
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
Intracellular compartment forms transport vesicles; participates in lipid synthesis and synthesis of membrane or secreted proteins
79
Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? Intracellular compartment forms transport vesicles
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
80
Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? participates in lipid synthesis and synthesis of membrane or secreted proteins
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
81
What is the function of the golgi apparatus?
Packages proteins for export from cell; forms secretory vesicles
82
Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? Packages proteins for export from cell
golgi apparatus
83
Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? forms secretory vesicles
golgi apparatus
84
What is the function of the lysosomes?
Digest worn-out organelles and cell debris; digest material taken up by endocytosis
85
Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? Digest worn-out organelles and cell debris
lysosomes
86
Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? digest material taken up by endocytosis
lysosomes
87
What is the function of the microbodies?
Isolate particular chemical activities from rest of cell
88
Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? Isolate particular chemical activities from rest of cell
microbodies
89
What is the function of the mitochondria?
“Power plants” of the cell; sites of oxidative metabolism
90
Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? “Power plants” of the cell;
mitochondria
91
Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? sites of oxidative metabolism
mitochondria
92
What is the function of the chloroplasts?
Sites of photosynthesis
93
Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? Sites of photosynthesis
chloroplasts
94
What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
Structural support; cell movement; movement of vesicles within cells
95
Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? Structural support
cytoskeleton
96
Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? cell movement
cytoskeleton
97
What is the function of the flagella?
Motility or moving fluids over surfaces
98
Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? Motility or moving fluids over surfaces
flagella
99
What is the function of the cell wall?
protection and support
100
Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? protection
cell wall
101
Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? support
cell wall
102
Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? movement of vesicles within cells
cytoskeleton
