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BIO 301 > Chapter 4.6: The Cytoskeleton > Flashcards

Chapter 4.6: The Cytoskeleton Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 fibers that compose the cytoskeleton?

A
  1. Actin Filaments (Microfilaments)
  2. Microtubules
  3. Intermediate Filaments
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2
Q

Define actin

A

 Actin- one of the two major proteins that make up vertebrate muscle

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3
Q

What is the size of actin filaments?

A

7 nm in diameter

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4
Q

Which cytoskelelatal element is 7 nm in diameter?

A

actin filament

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5
Q

What are actin filaments composed of?

A

 Composed of two protein chains loosely twined together

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6
Q

What are actin filaments responsible for?

A

 Responsible for cellular movements such as contraction, crawling, “pinching” during division, and formation of cellular extensions

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7
Q

What is the size of microtubule?

A

25 nm in diameter

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8
Q

What are microtubules composed of?

A

 Composed of a ring of 13 protein protofilaments

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9
Q

What are microtubule responsible for?

A

 Facilitate cellular movement, organize the cytoplasm, and are responsible for moving materials within the cell itself

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10
Q

What are intermediate filaments composed of?

A

 Composed of a system of tough, fibrous protein molecules twined together in an overlapping arrangement

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11
Q

What is the size of intermediate filament?

A

 8 to 10 nm in diameter

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12
Q

Which cytoskeletal element is

A

actin filaments

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13
Q

Which cytoskeletal element is  Composed of two protein chains loosely twined together?

A

actin filaments

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14
Q

Which cytoskeletal element  Exhibit polarity?

A

actin filaments

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15
Q

Which cytoskeletal element  Spontaneously form?

A

actin filaments

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16
Q

Which cytoskeletal element  Responsible for cellular movements such as contraction, crawling, “pinching” during division?

A

actin filaments

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17
Q

Which cytoskeletal element formation of cellular extensions?

A

actin filaments

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18
Q

Which cytoskeletal element is largest of the cytoskeletal elements ?

A

microtubules

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19
Q

Which cytoskeletal element is 25 nm in diameter?

A

microtubules

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20
Q

Which cytoskeletal element is  Composed of a ring of 13 protein protofilaments?

A

microtubules

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21
Q

Which cytoskeletal element  Tube-shaped?

A

microtubules

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22
Q

Which cytoskeletal element  Facilitate cellular movement?

A

microtubules

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23
Q

Which cytoskeletal element organize the cytoplasm?

A

microtubules

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24
Q

Which cytoskeletal element is the responsible for moving materials within the cell itself?

A

microtubules

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25
Q

Which cytoskeletal element is  Most durable of the cytoskeletal elements?

A

intermediate filaments

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26
Q

Which cytoskeletal element is  Composed of a system of tough, fibrous protein molecules twined together in an overlapping arrangement?

A

intermediate filaments

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27
Q

Which cytoskeletal element is 8 to 10 nm in diameter?

A

intermediate filaments

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28
Q

Define centrioles

A

a cytoplasmic organelle located outside the nuclear membrane, identical in structure to a basal body; found in animal cells and in the flagellated cells of other groups; divides and organizes spindle fibers during mitosis and meiosis

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29
Q

What is a cytoplasmic organelle located outside the nuclear membrane, identical in structure to a basal body; found in animal cells and in the flagellated cells of other groups; divides and organizes spindle fibers during mitosis and meiosis?

A

centrioles

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30
Q

Define centrosome

A

o Centrosome- the region surrounding the pair of centrioles in almost all animal cells

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31
Q

Define pericentriolar material

A

o Pericentriolar Material- surrounds the centrioles in the centrosome; contains ring-shaped structures composed of tubulin; can nucleate the assembly of microtubules in animal cells

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32
Q

Define microtubule-organizing centers

A

structures that can nucleate the assembly of microtubules

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33
Q

What are the 4 components required to move material along microtubes?

A
  1. • A vesicle or organelle that is to be transported
  2. • A motor protein that provides the energy-driven motion
  3. • A connector molecule that connects the vesicle to the motor molecule
  4. • Microtubules on which the vesicles will ride
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34
Q

Define kinesis

A

 Kinesin- a motor protein that uses ATP to power its movement toward the cell periphery, dragging the vesicle with it as it travels along the microtubule toward the plus end

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35
Q

Define dynein

A

 Dynein- a motor protein which directs movement in the opposite direction along microtubules toward the minus end, inward toward the cell’s center

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36
Q

Describe the plasma membrane

A

Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins

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37
Q

Describe the nucleus

A

Structure (usually spherical) that contains chromosomes and is surrounded by double membrane

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38
Q

Describe the chromosomes

A

Long threads of DNA that form a complex with protein

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39
Q

Describe the nucleolus

A

Site of genes for rRNA synthesis

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40
Q

Describe the ribosomes

A

Small, complex assemblies of protein and RNA, often bound to ER

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41
Q

Describe the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

A

network of internal membranes

42
Q

Describe the golgi apparatus

A

Stacks of flattened vesicles

43
Q

Describe the lysosomes

A

Vesicles derived from Golgi apparatus that contain hydrolytic digestive enzymes

44
Q

Describe the microbodies

A

Vesicles that are formed from incorporation of lipids and proteins and that contain oxidative and other enzymes

45
Q

Describe the mitochondria

A

Bacteria-like elements with double membrane

46
Q

Describe the chloroplasts

A

Bacteria-like elements with double membrane surrounding a third, thylakoid membrane containing chlorophyll, a photosynthetic pigment

47
Q

Describe the cytoskeleton

A

Network of protein filaments

48
Q

Describe the flagella (cilia)

A

Cellular extensions with 9 + 2 arrangement of pairs of microtubules

49
Q

Describe the cell wall

A

Outer layer of cellulose or chitin; or absent

50
Q

Which eukaryotic cell structure is being described? Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins

A

plasma membrane

51
Q

Which eukaryotic cell structure is being described? Structure (usually spherical) that contains chromosomes and is surrounded by double membrane

A

nucleus

52
Q

Which eukaryotic cell structure is being described? Long threads of DNA that form a complex with protein

A

chromosomes

53
Q

Which eukaryotic cell structure is being described? Site of genes for rRNA synthesis

A

nucleolus

54
Q

Which eukaryotic cell structure is being described? Small, complex assemblies of protein and RNA, often bound to ER

A

ribosomes

55
Q

Which eukaryotic cell structure is being described? Network of internal membranes

A

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

56
Q

Which eukaryotic cell structure is being described? Stacks of flattened vesicles

A

golgi apparatus

57
Q

Which eukaryotic cell structure is being described? Vesicles derived from Golgi apparatus that contain hydrolytic digestive enzymes

A

lysosomes

58
Q

Which eukaryotic cell structure is being described? Vesicles that are formed from incorporation of lipids and proteins and that contain oxidative and other enzymes

A

microbodies

59
Q

Which eukaryotic cell structure is being described? Bacteria-like elements with double membrane

A

mitochondria

60
Q

Which eukaryotic cell structure is being described? Bacteria-like elements with double membrane surrounding a third, thylakoid membrane containing chlorophyll, a photosynthetic pigment

A

chloroplasts

61
Q

Which eukaryotic cell structure is being described? Network of protein filaments

A

cytoskeleton

62
Q

Which eukaryotic cell structure is being described? Cellular extensions with 9 + 2 arrangement of pairs of microtubules

A

flagella (cilia)

63
Q

Which eukaryotic cell structure is being described?

A

Outer layer of cellulose or chitin; or absent

64
Q

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

A

Regulates what passes into and out of cell; cell-to-cell recognition; connection and adhesion; cell communication

65
Q

Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? Regulates what passes into and out of cell

A

plasma membrane

66
Q

Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? cell-to-cell recognition

A

plasma membrane

67
Q

Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? connection and adhesion

A

plasma membrane

68
Q

Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? cell communication

A

plasma membrane

69
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Instructions for protein synthesis and cell reproduction; contains genetic information

70
Q

Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? Instructions for protein synthesis and cell reproduction

A

nucleus

71
Q

Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? contains genetic information

A

nucleus

72
Q

What is the function of the chromosomes?

A

Contain hereditary information used to direct synthesis of proteins

73
Q

Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? Contain hereditary information used to direct synthesis of proteins

A

chromosomes

74
Q

What is the function of the nucleolus?

A

Synthesis of rRNA and ribososme assembly

75
Q

Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? Synthesis of rRNA and ribososme assembly

A

nucleolus

76
Q

What is the function of the ribosomes?

A

Site of protein synthesis

77
Q

Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? Site of protein synthesis

A

ribosomes

78
Q

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

A

Intracellular compartment forms transport vesicles; participates in lipid synthesis and synthesis of membrane or secreted proteins

79
Q

Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? Intracellular compartment forms transport vesicles

A

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

80
Q

Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? participates in lipid synthesis and synthesis of membrane or secreted proteins

A

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

81
Q

What is the function of the golgi apparatus?

A

Packages proteins for export from cell; forms secretory vesicles

82
Q

Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? Packages proteins for export from cell

A

golgi apparatus

83
Q

Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? forms secretory vesicles

A

golgi apparatus

84
Q

What is the function of the lysosomes?

A

Digest worn-out organelles and cell debris; digest material taken up by endocytosis

85
Q

Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? Digest worn-out organelles and cell debris

A

lysosomes

86
Q

Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? digest material taken up by endocytosis

A

lysosomes

87
Q

What is the function of the microbodies?

A

Isolate particular chemical activities from rest of cell

88
Q

Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? Isolate particular chemical activities from rest of cell

A

microbodies

89
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

“Power plants” of the cell; sites of oxidative metabolism

90
Q

Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? “Power plants” of the cell;

A

mitochondria

91
Q

Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? sites of oxidative metabolism

A

mitochondria

92
Q

What is the function of the chloroplasts?

A

Sites of photosynthesis

93
Q

Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? Sites of photosynthesis

A

chloroplasts

94
Q

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

A

Structural support; cell movement; movement of vesicles within cells

95
Q

Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? Structural support

A

cytoskeleton

96
Q

Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? cell movement

A

cytoskeleton

97
Q

What is the function of the flagella?

A

Motility or moving fluids over surfaces

98
Q

Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? Motility or moving fluids over surfaces

A

flagella

99
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

protection and support

100
Q

Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? protection

A

cell wall

101
Q

Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? support

A

cell wall

102
Q

Which eukaryotic cell structure has the following function? movement of vesicles within cells

A

cytoskeleton

BIO 301 (70 decks)

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