Chapter 7.2: Glycolysis: Splitting Glucose Flashcards

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1
Q

What happens during the oxidation and ATP formation process of glycolysis?

A

 Each G3P is oxidized, transferring two electrons (and one proton) to NAD+ thus forming NADH  A molecule of Pi is also added to G3P to produce 1,3-biphosphoglycerate (BPG)  The phosphate incorporated can be transferred to ADP by substrate-level phosphorylation to yield ATP

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2
Q

Where does glycolysis occur?

A

cytoplasm

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3
Q

What happens in aerobic respiration and fermentation to oxidize NADH?

A
  • Aerobic Respiration
    • Electrons are transferred through a series of membrane carriers, ultimately reducing oxygen and forming water
    • Occurs in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells in the presence of oxygen
    • A significant amount of ATP is produced
  • Fermentation
    • When oxygen is unavailable, an organic molecule can accept electrons
    • Include acetaldehyde in ethanolic fermentation or pyruvate in lactic acid fermentation
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4
Q

Is the first half of glycolysis endergonic of exergonic?

A

endergonic

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5
Q

What are the last 4 reaction of glycolysis for?

A

o Another four reactions convert BPG into pyruvate  The phosphates are transferred to ADP to yield two ATP per G3P

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6
Q

What does the first half of glycolysis consist of?

A

o The first half of glycolysis consists of five sequential reactions that convert one molecule of glucose into two molecules of the 3-carbon compound glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P)

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7
Q

What happens during the cleavage process of glycolysis?

A

 6-carbon diphosphate is then split into two 3-carbon monophosphate sugars  One is G3P and other is converted into G3P

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8
Q

What happens during the priming reactions of glycolysis?

A

 First three reactions “prime” glucose by changing it into a compound that can be readily cleaved into two 3-carbon phosphorylated molecules  Two of these reactions transfer a phosphate from ATP (required 2 ATP)

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9
Q

What happens in the second half of glycolysis?

A

o In the second half of glycolysis, five more reactions convert G3P into pyruvate in and energy yielding process that generates ATP

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10
Q

How is NADH recycled?

A

The NADH is oxidized back to NAD+ through aerobic respiration or fermentation

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11
Q

What is the net reaction of glycolysis?

A
  • Glucose + 2 ADP + 2 Pi 2 NAD+ à 2 Pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 H2O
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12
Q

What are the products of glycolysis?

A

net yield of two molecules of ATP, two molecules of NADH, and two pyruvate

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