Chapter 11.4: Summing Up: Meiosis vs Mitosis

Question 1

Compare meiosis and mitosis in terms of homologous pairing

Answer 1

• Homologous Pairing is Specific to Meiosis
o The pairing of homologues during prophase I of meiosis is the first deviation from mitosis
o The process of sister chromatid cohesion is similar to mitosis, but involves cohesion proteins that contain meiosis-specific subunits

Question 2

Compare meiosis and mitosis in terms of centromeres of sister chromatids

Answer 2

• Centromeres of Sister Chromatids Remain Connected Through Meiosis I
o Meiosis I is characterized by the segregation of homologues, not sister chromatids, during anaphase

Question 3

Compare meiosis and mitosis in terms of cell produced

Answer 3

• Meiosis Produces Cells that are Not Identical
o The daughter cells produced by mitosis are identical to the parental cell, at least in terms of their chromosomal constitution
o Meiosis, because of the random orientation of different chromosomes at the first meiotic division and because of crossing over, rarely produces cells that are identical

Question 4

Compare meiosis and mitosis in terms of centromeres of sister kinetochores

Answer 4

• Sister Kinetochores are Attached to the Same Pole During Meiosis I
o The cosegregation of sister centromeres requires that the kinetochores of sister chromatids are attached to the same pole during meiosis I
o This attachment is in contrast to both mitosis and meiosis II, in which sister kinetochores must become attached to opposite poles