Chapter 4.3: Eukaryotic Cells Flashcards
What is the hallmark of the eukaryotic cell?
compartmentalization
Define endomembrane system
a system of connected membranous compartments found in eukaryotic cells
What is a system of connected membranous compartments found in eukaryotic cells?
endomembrane system
Define central vacuole
a large, membrane-bounded sac found in plant cells that stores proteins, pigments, and waste materials, and is involved in water balance
What is a large, membrane-bounded sac found in plant cells that stores proteins, pigments, and waste materials, and is involved in water balance?
central vacuole
Define chromosome
the vehicle by which hereditary information is physically transmitted from one generation to the next
What is the vehicle by which hereditary information is physically transmitted from one generation to the next?
chromosome
Define cytoskeleton
a network of protein microfilaments and microtubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell that maintains the shape of the cell, anchors its organelles, and is involved in animal cell motility
What is a network of protein microfilaments and microtubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell that maintains the shape of the cell, anchors its organelles, and is involved in animal cell motility?
cytoskeleton
Define nucleus
the membranous organelle that houses the chromosomal DNA
What is the membranous organelle that houses the chromosomal DNA?
nucleus
Define nucleolus
the site of rRNA synthesis; a spherical body composed chiefly of rRNA in the process of being transcribed from multiple copies of rRNA genes
What is the site of rRNA synthesis; a spherical body composed chiefly of rRNA in the process of being transcribed from multiple copies of rRNA genes?
nucleolus
Define nuclear envelope
the bounding structure of the eukaryotic nucleus.
What is the nuclear envelope composed of?
Composed of two phospholipid bilayers with the outer one connected to the endoplasmic reticulum
What is the bounding structure of the eukaryotic nucleus.?
nuclear envelope
Define nuclear pore
one of a multitude of tiny but complex openings in the nuclear envelope that allow selective passage of proteins and nucleic acids into and out of the nucleus
What is one of a multitude of tiny but complex openings in the nuclear envelope that allow selective passage of proteins and nucleic acids into and out of the nucleus?
nuclear pore
Define nuclear lamins
Nuclear lamins are intermediate filament fibers that make up the nuclear lamina
Define chromatin
the complex of DNA and proteins of which eukaryotic chromosomes are composed
What is the complex of DNA and proteins of which eukaryotic chromosomes are composed?
chromatin
Define ribosomomal RNA (rRNA)
a class of RNA molecules found, together with characteristic proteins, in ribosomes; transcribed from the DNA of the nucleolus
What is a class of RNA molecules found, together with characteristic proteins, in ribosomes; transcribed from the DNA of the nucleolus?
ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Define messenger RNA (mRNA)
the RNA transcribed from structural genes; RNA molecules complementary to a portion of one strand of DNA, which are translated by the ribosomes to form protein
