Chapter 4.4: The Endomembrane System

Question 1

Define endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Answer 1

internal membrane system that forms a netlike array of channels and interconnections within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells

Question 2

What is the internal membrane system that forms a netlike array of channels and interconnections within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells?

Answer 2

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Question 3

Define cisternal space or lumen

Answer 3

the inner region of the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

What is the inner region of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 4

cisternal space or lumen

Question 5

Define glycoprotein

Answer 5

protein molecule modified within the Golgi complex by having a short sugar chain (polysaccharide) attached

Question 6

What is a protein molecule modified within the Golgi complex by having a short sugar chain (polysaccharide) attached?

Answer 6

glycoprotein

Question 7

Define golgi apparatus (golgi body)

Answer 7

a collection of flattened stacks of membranes in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells; functions in collection, packaging, and distribution of molecules synthesized in the cell

Question 8

What is a collection of flattened stacks of membranes in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells; functions in collection, packaging, and distribution of molecules synthesized in the cell?

Answer 8

golgi apparatus (Golgi body)

Question 9

Define cisternae

Answer 9

a small collecting vessel that pinches off from the end of a Golgi body to form a transport vesicle that moves material through the cytoplasm

Question 10

What is a small collecting vessel that pinches off from the end of a Golgi body to form a transport vesicle that moves material through the cytoplasm?

Answer 10

cisternae

Question 11

What is the cis face of the golgi apparatus?

Answer 11

the front. receiving end

Question 12

What is the trans face of the golgi apparatus?

Answer 12

the back, exit end

Question 13

What is the first step of a protein moving through the endomembrane system?

Answer 13

Vesicle containing proteins buds from the rough endoplasmic reticulum, diffuses through the cell, and fuses to the cis face of the Golgi apparatus

Question 14

After vesicle containing proteins buds from the rough endoplasmic reticulum, diffuses through the cell, and fuses to the cis face of the Golgi apparatus, what is the next step of a protein moving through the endomembrane system?

Answer 14

The proteins are modified and packaged into vesicles for transport

Question 15

After the proteins are modified and packaged into vesicles for transport, what is the last step of a protein moving through the endomembrane system?

Answer 15

The vesicle may travel to the plasma membrane, releasing its contents to the extracellular environment

Question 16

Define lysosomes

Answer 16

a membrane-bounded vesicle containing digestive enzymes that is produced by the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells

Question 17

What is a membrane-bounded vesicle containing digestive enzymes that is produced by the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 17

lysosome

Question 18

Define microbody

Answer 18

a cellular organelle bounded by a single membrane and containing a variety of enzymes

Question 19

What is a cellular organelle bounded by a single membrane and containing a variety of enzymes?

Answer 19

microbody

Question 20

Define peroxisome

Answer 20

a microbody that plays an important role in the breakdown of highly oxidative hydrogen peroxide by catalase

Question 21

What is a microbody that plays an important role in the breakdown of highly oxidative hydrogen peroxide by catalase?

Answer 21

peroxisome

Question 22

Define vacuole

Answer 22

a membrane-bounded sac in the cytoplasm of some cells, used for storage or digestion purposes in different kinds of cells

Question 23

What is a membrane-bounded sac in the cytoplasm of some cells, used for storage or digestion purposes in different kinds of cells?

Answer 23

vacuole

Question 24

Define tonoplast

Answer 24

the membrane surrounding the central vacuole in plant cells that contains water channels; helps maintain the cell’s osmotic balance

Question 25

What is the membrane surrounding the central vacuole in plant cells that contains water channels; helps maintain the cell’s osmotic balance?

Answer 25

tonoplast