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BIO 301 > Chapter 4.4: The Endomembrane System > Flashcards

Chapter 4.4: The Endomembrane System Flashcards

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1
Q

Define endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

A

internal membrane system that forms a netlike array of channels and interconnections within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells

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2
Q

What is the internal membrane system that forms a netlike array of channels and interconnections within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells?

A

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

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3
Q

Define cisternal space or lumen

A

the inner region of the endoplasmic reticulum

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4
Q

What is the inner region of the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

cisternal space or lumen

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5
Q

Define glycoprotein

A

protein molecule modified within the Golgi complex by having a short sugar chain (polysaccharide) attached

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6
Q

What is a protein molecule modified within the Golgi complex by having a short sugar chain (polysaccharide) attached?

A

glycoprotein

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7
Q

Define golgi apparatus (golgi body)

A

a collection of flattened stacks of membranes in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells; functions in collection, packaging, and distribution of molecules synthesized in the cell

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8
Q

What is a collection of flattened stacks of membranes in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells; functions in collection, packaging, and distribution of molecules synthesized in the cell?

A

golgi apparatus (Golgi body)

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9
Q

Define cisternae

A

a small collecting vessel that pinches off from the end of a Golgi body to form a transport vesicle that moves material through the cytoplasm

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10
Q

What is a small collecting vessel that pinches off from the end of a Golgi body to form a transport vesicle that moves material through the cytoplasm?

A

cisternae

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11
Q

What is the cis face of the golgi apparatus?

A

the front. receiving end

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12
Q

What is the trans face of the golgi apparatus?

A

the back, exit end

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13
Q

What is the first step of a protein moving through the endomembrane system?

A

Vesicle containing proteins buds from the rough endoplasmic reticulum, diffuses through the cell, and fuses to the cis face of the Golgi apparatus

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14
Q

After vesicle containing proteins buds from the rough endoplasmic reticulum, diffuses through the cell, and fuses to the cis face of the Golgi apparatus, what is the next step of a protein moving through the endomembrane system?

A

The proteins are modified and packaged into vesicles for transport

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15
Q

After the proteins are modified and packaged into vesicles for transport, what is the last step of a protein moving through the endomembrane system?

A

The vesicle may travel to the plasma membrane, releasing its contents to the extracellular environment

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16
Q

Define lysosomes

A

a membrane-bounded vesicle containing digestive enzymes that is produced by the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells

17
Q

What is a membrane-bounded vesicle containing digestive enzymes that is produced by the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

A

lysosome

18
Q

Define microbody

A

a cellular organelle bounded by a single membrane and containing a variety of enzymes

19
Q

What is a cellular organelle bounded by a single membrane and containing a variety of enzymes?

A

microbody

20
Q

Define peroxisome

A

a microbody that plays an important role in the breakdown of highly oxidative hydrogen peroxide by catalase

21
Q

What is a microbody that plays an important role in the breakdown of highly oxidative hydrogen peroxide by catalase?

A

peroxisome

22
Q

Define vacuole

A

a membrane-bounded sac in the cytoplasm of some cells, used for storage or digestion purposes in different kinds of cells

23
Q

What is a membrane-bounded sac in the cytoplasm of some cells, used for storage or digestion purposes in different kinds of cells?

A

vacuole

24
Q

Define tonoplast

A

the membrane surrounding the central vacuole in plant cells that contains water channels; helps maintain the cell’s osmotic balance

25
Q

What is the membrane surrounding the central vacuole in plant cells that contains water channels; helps maintain the cell’s osmotic balance?

A

tonoplast

BIO 301 (70 decks)

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