Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BIO 301 > Chapter 3.1: Carbon: The Framework of Biological Molecules > Flashcards

Chapter 3.1: Carbon: The Framework of Biological Molecules Flashcards

1
Q

Define hydrocarbons

A

molecules consisting only of carbon and hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are molecules consisting only of carbon and hydrogen?

A

hydrocarbons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why do hydrocarbons make good fuels?

A

 Make good fuels since C-H bond stores a lot of energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define functional group

A

a molecular group attached to a hydrocarbon that confers chemical properties or reactivities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a molecular group attached to a hydrocarbon that confers chemical properties or reactivities?

A

functional group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of biological molecules are hydroxyl groups found in?

A

carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of biological molecules are carbonyl groups found in?

A

carbohydrates and nucleic acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What type of biological molecules are carboxyl groups found in?

A

proteins, lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of biological molecules are amino groups found in?

A

proteins, nucleic acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of biological molecules are sulfhydryl groups found in?

A

proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of biological molecules are nucleic acids groups found in?

A

phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of biological molecules are methyl groups found in?

A

proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define isomers

A

one of a group of molecules identical in atomic composition, but differing in structural arrangement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is one of a group of molecules identical in atomic composition, but differing in structural arrangement?

A

isomer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define structural isomers

A

isomers with differences in the actual structure of their carbon skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are isomers with differences in the actual structure of their carbon skeleton?

A

structural isomers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define stereoisomers

A

isomers that have the same carbon skeleton, but differ in how the groups attached to this skeleton are arranged in space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are isomers that have the same carbon skeleton, but differ in how the groups attached to this skeleton are arranged in space?

A

stereoisomers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Define enantiomer

A

stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other?

A

enantiomer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Define chiral molecule

A

a molecule that has mirror-image versions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a molecule that has mirror-image versions?

A

chiral molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Define polymer

A

a molecule composed of many similar or identical molecular subunits

24
Q

What is a molecule composed of many similar or identical molecular subunits?

25
Define monomer
the smallest chemical subunit of a polymer
26
What is the smallest chemical subunit of a polymer?
monomer
27
What is the function of starch, glycogen?
energy storage
28
What is the function of cellulose?
structural support in plant cell walls
29
What is the function of chitin?
structural support
30
What is the function of DNA?
encodes genes
31
What is the function of RNA?
needed for gene expression
32
What is the function of functional proteins?
catalysis; transport
33
What is the function of structural proteins?
support
34
What is the function of triglycerides?
energy storage
35
What is the function of phospholipids?
cell membranes
36
What is the function of prostaglandins?
chemical messengers
37
What is the function of steroids?
membranes; hormones
38
What is the function of terpenes?
pigments; structural support
39
Define dehydration reaction, or condensation
A types of chemical reaction in which two molecules join to form one larger molecule, simultaneously splitting out a molecule of water, one molecule is stripped of a hydrogen atom, and another is stripped of a hydroxyl group (-OH), resulting in the joining of two molecules, while the H and -OH released may combine to form a water molecule
40
What is A types of chemical reaction in which two molecules join to form one larger molecule, simultaneously splitting out a molecule of water, one molecule is stripped of a hydrogen atom, and another is stripped of a hydroxyl group (-OH), resulting in the joining of two molecules, while the H and -OH released may combine to form a water molecule?
dehydration reaction, or condensation
41
Define hydrolysis
a chemical reaction where hydrogen atom is attached to one subunit and a hydroxyl group to the other, breaking the covalent bond joining the subunits
42
What is a chemical reaction where hydrogen atom is attached to one subunit and a hydroxyl group to the other, breaking the covalent bond joining the subunits?
hydrolysis
43
What is the name of this functional group?
hydroxyl
44
Describe the hydroxyl functional group
45
What is the name of this functional group?
carbonyl
46
Describe the carbonyl functional group
47
What is the name of this functional group?
carboxyl
48
Describe the carboxyl functional group
49
What is the name of this functional group?
amino
50
Describe the amino functional group
51
What is the name of this functional group?
sulfhydryl
52
Describe the sulfhydryl functional group
53
What is the name of this functional group?
phosphate
54
Describe the phosphate functional group
55
What is the name of this functional group?
methyl
56
Describe the methyl functional group

BIO 301 (70 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions