Chapter 7.1: Overview of Respiration Flashcards
What is the passage of energetic electrons through a series of membrane-associated electron-carrier molecules to proton pumps embedded within mitochondrial or chloroplast membranes?
electron transport chain
What is a molecule that become reduced (to NADH) as it carries high-energy electrons from oxidized molecules and delivers them to ATP-producing pathways in the cell?
• Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD)
Define anaerobic respiration
the use of electron transport to generate a proton gradient for chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP using a final electron acceptor other than oxygen
What is result of glycolysis?
this enzyme-catalyzed process yields two molecules of pyruvate with a net of two molecules of ATP
Is ATP synthesis endergonic or exergonic?
endergoninc
What is the metabolic harvesting of energy by oxidation, ultimately dependent on molecular oxygen?
cellular respiration
Define heterotroph
an organism that cannot derive energy from photosynthesis or inorganic chemical, and so must feed on other plants and animals, obtaining chemical energy by degrading their organic molecules
What happens in substrate-level phosphorylation?
In substrate-level phosphorylation, ATP is formed by transferring a phosphate group directly to ADP from a phosphate-bearing intermediate, or substrate
What is the enzyme-catalyzed extraction of energy from organic compounds without the involvement of oxygen?
fermentation
Define autotrophs
an organism able to build all the complex organic molecules that it requires as its own food source, using only simple inorganic compounds
Define fermentation
the enzyme-catalyzed extraction of energy from organic compounds without the involvement of oxygen
What is the anaerobic breakdown of glucose?
glycolysis
Define glycolysis
the anaerobic breakdown of glucose
What is a chemical reaction involving the loss of a hydrogen atom. This is an oxidation that combines loss of an electron with loss of a proton.?
dehydrogenation
What is the use of electron transport to generate a proton gradient for chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP using a final electron acceptor other than oxygen?
anaerobic respiration