Core Functions and Strategies: Policing the Roads Flashcards
The Fatal Four
1) Inappropriate Speed
2) Driver Distractions (mobile phones)
3) Lack of Seat Belt
4) Alcohol or Drug Impariment
There is a huge link between driving offences and…
Criminal behaviour:
79% of disqualified drivers had a criminal record
50% of dangerous drivers had a previous conviction and 25% where within a year
40% of drink drivers were less likely to have a criminal record
82% of drug drivers had previous convictions.
More road traffic enforcement…
leads to improved compliance and reduced collisions and causalities.
Speed cameras can reduce the number/severity of road accidents but the effect is localised.
Why is are we moving away form differentiating traffic offences and other crime?
It undervalues contribution, and helps stop criminals using our roads for criminal purpose.
National Roads Policing Strategy 2022-2025
4 Pillars:
-Changing Minds
-Tackling Crime
-Driving Technology & Innovation
-Preventing Harm & Saving Lives
Definition of a Road (S.192 Road Traffic Act 1988)
Any highway and any other road to which the public have access and includes bridges over which a road passes
(Road must be available to public, barrier or PRIVATE sign may mean it is not a road. Hedgerows, Wall, Fences etc are pat of road)
Definition of a Highway - S.5 Highways Act 1835
A highway is a road, bridge, carriageway, cartway, horseway, bridleway, foootway, causeway, churchway or pavement.
Definition of a Carriageway - S.329(1) Highways Act 1980
Means a way constituting or comprised in a highway, being a way (other than a cycle track) over which the public have a right of way on the passage of vehicles.
Definition of Public Space - Road Traffic Act 1988
Any place to which the public have open access (by vehicle) is a public place, even if payment must be made to gain entry.
Definition of a Vechicle - RTA 1988
RTA has no definition. Vehicle is a carriage or conveyance of any kind.
Definition of a Mechanically Propelled Vehicle
MPV is a vehicle which can be propelled by mechanical means.
MPV examples
SEPDOG
Steam
Electric
Petrol
Diesel
Oil
Gas
Definition of a Motor Vehicle - S.185(1c) Road Traffic Act 1988
A motor vehicle Mechanically Propelled Vehicle (MPV) intended or adapted for use on roads.
(Off-road quad-bike are not intended for roads, unless it has a license plate, it’s been adapted)
(Same definition in S.136(1) Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984)
Definition of Driving
Court decides taking into factors of steering, propulsion and position of the driver.
Types of road
-Motorways
-A roads: major roads to provide large-scale transport links
-B roads: intended to connect different areas to feed A roads into smaller roads on the network
-Classified unnumbered: smaller roads intended to connect villages to rest of the network. Unofficially class C
-Unclassified: local roads for local traffic
Definition of a Driver - S.192(1) Road Traffic Act 1988
Where a separate person acts as a steersman of a motor vehicle, that person as well as any other person is engaged in the driving of the vehicle, and “drive” is to be interpreted accordingly.
Define Cartways
Road/way for carts
Define Bridleway
highway for public with right of way on foot/horseback or leading a horse
Define Causeway
a raised path/road that crosses water or wet land
Define Churchway
A road that leads to a church
Basic details needed for a car
License, Insurance & MOT
Good vehicle details needed
Tachograph details, operator’s license & plating certificates
Learner motorcycle details needed
Compulsory basic training certificate
UW - reg 3 The Road vehicle (Construction and Use) Regulation
Unladen Weight - weight of vehicle with nothing in it (excluding water, fuel accumulators, loose tools and equipment)
MAM
Maximum authorised mass is the maximum total load of a vehicle that can be carried safely (includes weight of vehicle)
Define Motorcycle - S.185 Road Traffic Act 1988
Must be an MPV with less than 4 wheels that does no exceed 410kg
Learner Motor Bicycle
A motor bicycle which is propelled by:
-Electric that does not exceed 11Kw
-Cylinder capacity of engine that does not exceed 125 cc
Define Moped
A moped is a motor vehicle with less than four wheels and either:
-Cylinder capacity does not exceed 50cc with pedals (used before 01/08/1977)
-Max speed does not exceed 50 kilometers per hour and engine capacity does not exceed 50cc if propelled by internal combustion (used on or after 01/08/1977)
Define Motor Car
an MPV constructed to carry a load or passenger and the UW is…
(a) Constructed solely for the carriage of passengers/their effects (not more than 7 passengers excluding the driver). Fitted with tyres specified in the regulation and does not exceed 3050 kilograms
(b) If it is constructed or adapted to use for the conveyance of goods/burden. Does not exceed 3050kg (can be 3500 with fuel. For trucks etc)
(c) Does Not exceed 2540 kg in a case failing to match sub-paragraph a or b (mostly for saloon/sports car
Define Heavy Motor Car
MVP not being a motor car which is constructed to carry a load/passengers and the weight unladen exceeds 2540kg
Define Locomotive
MVP not designed to carry a load/other fuel and tools.
Exceeds 7370kgs for a small locomotive
Exceeds 11690 kgs for a large locomotive
Can be crane, fairground generators etc.
Define Goods Vehicle
A goods vehicle is a motor vehicle or trailer constructed or adapted for use for the carriage or haulage of goods or burden of any description.
Define Medium Sized Goods Vehicle
A motor vehicle which is:
-Constructed or adapted to carry or haul goods
-Not adapted to carry more than nine persons inclusive of the driver
-MPW of which exceeds 3.5 bu not 7.5 tonnes
-Also includes combination of vehicle/trailer where the max weight does not exceed 750kg
Large Goods Vehicle/Heavy Commercial Vehicle
A large good vehicle or heavy commercial vehicle is any goods vehicle which has an operating weight exceeding 7.5 tonnes.
Articulated vehicle
An articulated vehicle is heavy motor car or motor car (not being an articulated bus) with a trailer attached so that part of the trailer is superimposed on the drawing vehicle. (not less than 20% of weight is borne in drawing vehicle)
Passenger Vehicles
A PCV (Passenger-carrying vehicle) is constructed solely for the carriage of passengers and their effects. Can be small PCV or large PCV.
Minibus
A motor vehicle which is constructed to carry more than 8 but not more than 16 seated passengers in addition to the driver.
Define Invalid Carriage
A MPV not exceeding 254kg (UW) specially designed and constructed (not adapted) for use of a person suffering physical disability.
Trailer
A trailer means a vehicle drawn by a motor vehicle.
Semi-Trailer
A trailer which is constructed/adapted to form part of an Articulated Vehicle
EAPCs
Electrically Assisted Pedal Cycle
To NOT be a motor vehicle:
-Cycle must be fitted with pedals capable of propelling
-Max continues rated power must not exceed 250 Watts
0Eletrical assistance must cut-off at 15.5 mph
E-Scooters
