Component 1: Soc 17 Flashcards
What is respiration, what does the respiratory system include and why do we need our respiratory system?
Respiration - The movement of air from outside the body into the cells within tissues.
It includes nose, mouth throat, voice box, windpipe, lungs and vessels.
- To get oxygen into the body
- Remove carbon dioxide from the body
- In physical activity, the respiratory and
cardiovascular systems must work together to get oxygen to the muscles.
What is inspiration and exhalation?
Breathing in (20% oxygen + 0.4% carbon dioxide)
Breathing out (16% oxygen + 4% carbon dioxide)
What is vital capacity and tidal volume?
The greatest amount of air that can be pass into and out of the lungs by the most forceful inspiration and expiration. The amount of air inspired and expired with each breath.
How does the cardio-respiratory system work during inhaling?
The intercostal muscles contract lifting the chest up and out while the diaphragm tightens and lowers changing from a dome shape to a flatter shape and back to a dome when exhaling. This opens the lungs creating a vacuum so air can rush through the nose and mouth.
How does the cardio-respiratory system work once inhaling?
Air passes through the larynx then the trachea to two braches called the bronchi, through which air passes through either lung. They have smaller branches called bronchioles which form millions of tiny sacs at the end called alveoli where oxygen passes through the blood so it can be transported around the body.
How does the cardio-respiratory system work during gaseous exchange?
Alveoli are surrounded by capillaries (narrow tubes) that carry blood. Haemoglobin inside red blood cells binds to oxygen, diffusing into the blood, so its transported araound the bodyand deposited in the living cells. Glucose (from food) combines with oxygen releasing energy along with carbon dioxide and water. Oxygen is taken in carbon dioxide is given out, or exchanged, into the alveoli and is then breathed out.
What is oxygen debt, vO2 max and gaseous exchange?
Oxygen debt - the amount of oxygen needed at the end of a physical activity to break down any lactic acid, anaerobic exercise results in this, repaid through deep gasping breaths, taking as much oxygen into the respiratory system, eliminating carbon dioxide.
VO2 max - the volume of oxygen an athlete can consume while exercising at maximum capacity.
Gaseous exchange - the delivery of oxygen from the lungs to the bloodstream and the removal of carbon dioxide from the tissues.
How the cardiovascular and respiratory systems work together?
An efficient respiratory system aids the cardiovascular system by providing a constant supply of oxygen for the muscles and by removing carbon dioxide. During exercise, the body needs to take in a sufficient amount of oxygen and eliminate the carbon dioxide produced by the muscles while they are working.
What is the diaphragm, alveoli and bronchus?
Diaphragm - the primary muscle used in the process of inspiration or inhalation.
Alveoli - tiny sacs at the end of bronchioles where gaseous exchange takes place
Bronchus - tube along which air passes from the trachea into the lungs
