Component 1: Soc 13

Question 1

What are the 8 possibilities of movement at a joint?

Answer 1

Flexion - Decreasing the angle between body parts
Extension - Straightening movement, increasing the angle between body parts
Adduction - Pulling movement towards the midline of the body
Abduction - Pulling movement away from the midline of the body
Rotation - Around a single point axis or pivot
Circumduction - Moving in a circular shape
Dorsi - Pointing toes closer to shin
Plantar - Pointing toes away from shin

Question 2

What are sporting examples for each possibility of movement at a joint?

Answer 2

Flexion - Bicep curl in gym
Extension - Swimer swinging arms backwards
Adduction - Golfer swinging club
Abduction - Gymnast moving arms out sideways at the shoulder
Rotation - Tennis serves overarm
Circumduction - Cricketer bowling ball
Dorsi flexion - Sprinter’s starting feet position
Plantar flexion - Floor gymnast points toes

Question 3

What are the 4 classifications of joints?

Answer 3

• Pivot
• Hinge
• Ball and socket
• Condyloid

Question 4

What do each of the 4 classifications of joints allow bones to do and give examples.

Answer 4

• Pivots allow bones to rotate, they’re in your wrist, elbow and neck.
• Hinges allow only backwards and forwards motion, they’re in your knee, elbow and ankle
• Ball and sockets allow the round head of a long bone to fit into a cup shaped hole, they’re in your shoulder and hip.
• Condyloids are where the ball rests against the end of a bone allowing circular motion, they’re in your wrist.

Question 5

What are ligaments and tendons?

Answer 5

Ligaments - elastic fibres that join one bone to another, usually to hold things together and keep them stable.
Tendons - non elastic fibres attaching muscle to bone and apply power and movements.