Component 1: Soc 16 Flashcards
What are arteries, veins and capillaries?
Arteries - muscular tube that carries blood away from the heart. They’re thick and more elestic than veins as arteries carry oxygenated blood. The pulmonary artery is different as it carries deoxygenated blood to lungs.
Veins - A tube that carries blood back to the heart. They have much thinner walls, are less elastic and have many valves to allow low pressure deoxygenated blood flow. The pulmonary vein is different as it carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
Capillaries - Microscopic vessels, just one cell thick. At one end they carry oxygenated blood with oxygen and nutrients to the organs and muscles. At the other they carry deoxygenated blood to veins and dispose of waste products around the body, this is where gaseous exchange takes place.
What is a double ciculatory system and blood pressue?
Where the blood has to pass through the heart twice on each circuit of the body. A measure of the force that your heart uses to pump blood araound the body. Higher blood pressure indicates a higher risk of health problems.
What is the systolic (first) and diastolic (second) phase of how the heart pumps blood?
Where blood is pumped from the atriums to the ventricles, which contract pushing oxygenated/deoxygenated blood to leave the ventricles via the aorta/pulmonary artery. When the heart is relaxing and refilling the atriums with blood.
What is the structure of blood and each part’s?
Red blood cells - Transport oxygen from the lungs to the body’s cells and carbon dioxide from the cells to lungs. This is important to a long distance runner as their working muscles require more oxygen when runing.
Plasma - To take nutrients, hormones and proteins to parts of the body that need it. Cells also put their waste products into plasma which helps remove this waste from the body.
Platelets - They rush to a cut vessel and swell into irregular shapes acting as a plug. If a performer gets a skin abrasion/cut the blood platelets will clot to stop bleeding.
White blood cells - They produce antibodies to fight against infection and diseases. If an athlete has a disease or infection they may not be able to train/perform.
