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Medical Terminology > Chpt 16 (13) - Sensory Systems > Flashcards

Chpt 16 (13) - Sensory Systems Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Sensory Receptors

A
  • Specialized receptor cells
  • Receive stimuli specific to the type of information specific to that organ
  • Send information through afferent nerves
  • To CNS (Central Nervous System)
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2
Q

Eye

A

3 Layers:

 - Sclera = outermost, white in color
 - Choroid = Middle, pigmented
 - Retina = Innermost, controls the photoreceptor cells (Rods, Cones)

Cornea - outer “clear” membrane; refraction
Pupil - Light passes through Iris (colored portion)
Lens - Clear, transparent structure for magnification
- Ciliary body changes shape; accommodation
Uvea - Iris + Ciliary Body + Choroid

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3
Q

Sensory System

A

Any organ or anatomical structure involved with receiving and perceiving sensory stimuli

  • Sight, Touch, Hearing, Smell
  • Afferent nervous Stimuli
  • Specialized Nerve Endings (dendrites or receptor cells) i.e. Rods, Cones, Taste receptors
  • Electrochemical signaling from periphery to brain
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4
Q

Eye

A

Retina - Interior Layer
Photoreceptors - Rods and Cones
- Rods (Black & White)
- Cones (Color): Converge to become Optic Nerve

Optic Disc - Where optic nerve exits eye

Macula - Area of sharpest focused vision
- Center = Fovea

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5
Q

Eye Anatomy

A

Anterior = between the cornea and iris

Posterior = between the iris and lens
- Aqueous Humor

Vitreous = Posterior to lens
- Vitreous Humor

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6
Q

Ear: Structure & Function

A
  • Hearing & Equilibrium
  • External; Middle; Inner
  • Auricle (pinna)
    • Outer (funnel)
    • Meatus
  • Middle:
    • Tympanic membrane
    • Malleus, Incus, Sta
    • Eustachian Tube
  • Inner Ear:
    • Cochlea =>Oran of Corti
      • Hair Cells; Neuronal Aspect of Hearing
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7
Q

Two Aspects of Hearing

A

Conductive = External & Middle Ear

Neuro-sensory = Inner-Ear / Auditory nerve

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8
Q

Audi (o) / Audit (o)

A

Hearing

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9
Q

Aur (o) / Auricul (o)

A

Hearing

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10
Q

Blephar (o)

A

Eyelid

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11
Q

Cerumin (o)

A

Wax

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12
Q

Cochle (o)

A

Cochlea

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13
Q

Cor (o) / Core (o)

A

Pupil

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14
Q

Cycl (o)

A

Ciliary Body

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15
Q

Dacry (o)

A

Tears

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16
Q

Ir (o) / Irid (o)

A

Iris

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17
Q

Kerat (o)

A

Cornea

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18
Q

Lacrim (o)

A

Tears

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19
Q

Mastoid (o)

A

Mastoid Process

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20
Q

Myring (o)

A

Ear Drum or Middle Ear

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21
Q

Nas (o)

A

Nose

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22
Q

Ocul (o)

A

Eye

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23
Q

Phac (o)

A

Lens

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24
Q

Phak (o)

A

Lens

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25
Q

Retin (o)

A

Retina

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26
Q

Scler (o)

A

White of eye

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27
Q

Scot (o)

A

Darkness

28
Q

Tympan (o)

A

Eardrum or Middle Ear

29
Q

Uve (o)

A

Uvea

30
Q

Opt (o) / Optic (o)

A

Eye

31
Q

Opthalm (o)

A

Eye

32
Q

Ossicul (o)

A

Meaning ossicle or bones of middle ear

33
Q

AD

A

Right Ear

34
Q

AS

A

Left Ear

35
Q

AU

A

Both Ears

36
Q

OD

A

Right Eye

37
Q

OS

A

Left Eye

38
Q

OU

A

Both Eyes

39
Q

IOL

A

Intra-Ocular Lens

40
Q

IOP

A

Intra-Ocular Pressure

41
Q

dB

A

Decibel

42
Q

PERRLA

A

Normal Eye Exam

43
Q

VA

A

Visual Acuity

44
Q

Tonometry

A

Measure of pressure inside eye

45
Q

Diopter

A

Unit of refraction power to correct vision

46
Q

Otoscopy

A

Examination of ear through scope

47
Q

Audiometry

A

Measurement of hearing frequencies of deficit

48
Q

Refractive Disorders

A

Astigmatism = Distortion of sight as light rays do not come to a single focus on retina

Hyperopia = “Farsightedness” - focusing of light rays behind the retina

Myopia = “Nearsightedness” - focus of light in front of retina

49
Q

Strabismus

A

Eye misalignment (cross-eyed)

50
Q

Diplopia

A

Double Vision

51
Q

Cataracts

A

Cloudiness or haziness of lens

52
Q

Glaucoma

A

Increased pressure inside the eye due to aqueous humor excess

53
Q

Macular Degeneration

A

Loss of macula leading to loss of central vision

54
Q

Nyctalopia

A

Night blindness

55
Q

Chalazion

A

Nodular inflammation of eyelid

56
Q

Keratitis

A

Inflammation of cornea

57
Q

Anacusis

A

Total loss of hearing

58
Q

Paracusis

A

Impaired hearing

59
Q

Presbyacusis

A

Age related hearing loss

60
Q

Otosclerosis

A

Scarring or hardening of bones in middle ear

  • conductive hearing loss
61
Q

Tinnitus

A

Ringing in the ear

62
Q

Otalgia

A

Ear pain

63
Q

Cholesteatoma

A

Fatty cyst in middle ear

64
Q

Menicre’s

A

Vertigo and dizziness

65
Q

Mydriatic

A

Dilates the pupil

66
Q

Miotic

A

Contracts the pupil

Medical Terminology (20 decks)

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