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Medical Terminology > Chpt 10/11 (11) - Reproductive Systems > Flashcards

Chpt 10/11 (11) - Reproductive Systems Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Uterus

A

Endometrium, Myometrium, Perimetrium

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2
Q

Fallopian Tubes

A

1 (of 2) tubes that lead from Ovaries to Uterus

  • Fimbriae - End of fallopian tube, fingerlike structure
  • Ampula - Longer portion of tube, most burdened with disease
  • Ismic - As fallopian tube enters uterus
  • Cornua - Part of tube in uterus
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3
Q

Gonads (Ovaries)

A

1 (of 2) glands that produce ova (egg)

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4
Q

Cervix

A

Mouth (opening) of uterus from the vagina

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5
Q

Vagina

A

Genital canal leading from uterus to vulva

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6
Q

Broad function of Female Reproduction

A
  • Produce an ovum (egg)
  • Move to fertilization site
  • Nurture conception to Birth
  • Delivery of Baby
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7
Q

Ovary

A

Produce ovum (egg)

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8
Q

Mature Follicle

A

(Graafian Follicle)
What is left behind after egg extruded

  • Released monthly
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9
Q

Ovulation

A

Ovum released, day 14 of cycle
Ovulation caused by LH Surge

  • Fertilization in fallopian tube
  • Implants into endometrium of uterus (zygote)
    - Day 5-7 of ovulation
  • If no fertilization then a drop in estrogen and progesterone
    - Menses = bleeding
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10
Q

Menarch

A

1st ovulation, about 13yrs old

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11
Q

Menopause

A

End of ovulation, about 51yrs average

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12
Q

Ovulation Period

A
  • At birth, female has about 200,000 eggs

- 30-40yrs of ovulation (monthly)

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13
Q

Cervix

A

Opening into uterus

  • External Os - Vagina to Cervix opening
  • Internal Os - Cervix to Uterus opening
  • Cervical Canal - B/w External & Internal Os
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14
Q

Vagina

A

Rugae transverse folds within Mucosa

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15
Q

Uterus

A

3 Layers (Endometrium, Myometrium, Serosa)

  • Cervix is opening into Uterus
  • Fallopian Tubes enter at the Cornum
  • Broad Ligament - Houses Uteren Vessels
  • Ovarian Ligament - Attaches ovary to uterus
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16
Q

Hymen

A

Fold of mucus membrane which partially covers vaginal opening

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17
Q

Breast Anatomy

A 
Muscle - alongside chest cavity
Adipose - Majority of breast
Mammary Glands - Lobules
Mammary Ducts -
Lactiferous Ducts - 
Nipple - Areola
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18
Q

Mons Pubis

A

Mound of soft tissue covered by pubic hair after puberty

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19
Q

Prepuce

A

Covering over clitoris

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20
Q

Urethral Meatus

A

Opening of urethra to excrete urine

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21
Q

Skene’s Duct

A

Excrete fluid into vagina

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22
Q

Bartholin’s Gland

A

1/2 glands on either side of vagina that secrete fluid

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23
Q

Labia (Minora / Majora)

A

(-) 2 folds of skin between labia majora

(+) 2 folds of skin that form boarders of vulva

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24
Q

Female Hormone Cycle

A 
(Estrogen dominant from days 1-14)
Days 1-5 - Menstrual bleeding (lining of uterus)
Days 6-12 - FSH from anterior pituitary
                  - Follicle matures
                  - Estradiol matures 
Days 13-14 - LH peaks; ovulation occurs

Days 15 - 28 - Progesterone peaks; Uterine lining prepares for implantation

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25
Q

Female Hormone Cycle by Phase

A

1st Phase: Fellicular Phase

2nd Phase: Ovulation Phase

3rd Phase: Ludial Phase

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26
Q

Corpus Luteum

A

Secreting structure formed from graafian follicle (mature follicle) which fills with yellow substance and secretes progesterone and estrogen after releasing ovum (egg)

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27
Q

Hormones Need To Know:

  • GnRH
  • FSH
  • LH
  • Estrogen
  • Progesterone
A

Source: Action

  • Hypothalamus: Stimulates FSH and LH
  • Pituitary: Stimulates ovaries to produce mature follicles; Follicles produce increased levels of estrogen
  • Pituitary: Surge of LH stimulates follicle to break open and discharge ovum and follicular fluid (contains estrogen)
  • Ovary (developing follicle): Causes rapid growth of endometrium of uterus
  • Ovary (corpus luteum): Causes endometrium to become thick, spongy, glandular and receptive to fertilized ovum (zygote)
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28
Q

Fertilization

A

May occur as a result of coitus (intercourse)

Zygote; Embryo; Fetus

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29
Q

Gravida

A

Woman who is pregnant

1st pregnancy “Gravidal”

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30
Q

Para

A

After delivery (# of deliveries: Para 1 = after 1 delivery)

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31
Q

Placenta

A

Afterbirth; made up of Amnion and Chorion membrane

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32
Q

Postpartum

A

Time after the birth; up to 6 weeks after delivery

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33
Q

Menopause

A

51yrs average age

  • Estrogen decline
  • Cessation of menstruation
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34
Q

Climacteric

A

Period of time leading up to menopause

  • Characterized by symptoms; Hot Flashes, Night Sweats, due to decreasing estrogen levels
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35
Q

Perimenopause

A

3-5 yrs of decreasing and fluctuating estrogen; prior to menopause

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36
Q

Post Menopause

A

Osteopenia - deficiency in bone
Osteoporosis - decreased density of bone

Decreased estrogen levels:

  • Decreased ability to put calcium into bone
  • Increased vertebral compression fractures
  • Increased risk for hip fracture
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37
Q

Amnio

A

Amnion

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38
Q

Cervico

A

Cervix

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39
Q

Colpo

A

Vagina

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40
Q

Episi (o)

A

Vulva

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41
Q

Galact (o)

A

Milk

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42
Q

Gynec (o)

A

Female

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43
Q

Oo

A

Egg

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44
Q

Oophor (o)

A

Ovary

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45
Q

Ov (i) / Ov (o)

A

Egg

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46
Q

Perine (o)

A

Perineum

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47
Q

Salping (o)

A

Fallopian Tube

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48
Q

Uter (o)

A

Uterus

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49
Q

Vagin (o)

A

Vagina

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50
Q

Ovari (o)

A

Ovary

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51
Q

Hyster (o)

A

Uterus

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52
Q

Lact (o)

A

Milk

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53
Q

Mamm (o)

A

Breast

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54
Q

Mast (o)

A

Breast

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55
Q

Men (o)

A

Menstration

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56
Q

Metr (o)

A

Uterus

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57
Q

Vulv (o)

A

Vulva

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58
Q

AB

A

Abortion

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59
Q

AFB

A

Alpha Fetoprotein

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60
Q

CIS

A

Carcinoma in situ

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61
Q

Cx

A

Cervix

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62
Q

D&C

A

Dilation and Curettage

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63
Q

DUB

A

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding

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64
Q

EDC

A

Estimated Date of Confinement (Birth)

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65
Q

ERT

A

Estrogen Replacement Therapy

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66
Q

FHT

A

Fetal Heart Tones

67
Q

FSH

A

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

68
Q

G1P1

A

Gravid 1, Para 1

69
Q

HCG

A

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

70
Q

IUD

A

Intra Uterine Device

71
Q

LMP

A

Last Menstral Period

72
Q

OCP

A

Oral Contraceptive

73
Q

PID

A

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

74
Q

PMS

A

PreMenstral Symptoms

75
Q

TAH - BSO

A

Total Hysterectomy w/ Removal of Both Ovaries

76
Q

PAP Smear

A

Sampling of cervix cells for purpose of detecting cancer or pre-cancer changes

77
Q

Colposcope

A

Lighted microscope instrument for evaluating cervix/vagina

  • Colposcopy - procedure for evaluating cervix/vagina
78
Q

Hysteroscopy

A

Procedure for viewing inside of uterus

79
Q

Mammogram

A

X-Ray of breast

80
Q

Ectopic Pregnancy

A

Pregnancy implanted outside of uterus

81
Q

Tubal Pregnancy

A

Ectopic, implanted in fallopian tube

  • Demands surgical excision; risk of rupture
82
Q

Spontaneous Abortion

A

Miscarriage

83
Q

Placenta Abruption

A

Tearing of placenta away from uterine wall and blood accumulates behind placenta

84
Q

PreEclampsia (Toxemia of Pregnancy)

A

Pregnancy with Hypertension, Proteinuria, Edema

Eclampsia - Seizures in pregnancy

85
Q

Placenta Previa

A

Placenta covers cervix

  • Vaginal bleeding during pregnancy
  • Requires C-section
86
Q

Gestational Diabetes

A

High blood sugar (diabetes) in pregnancy

87
Q

Rh Isoimmunization

A
  • Mother is Rh- blood type
  • Fetus is Rh+ blood type from father
  • Then mother can be sensitized (make antibodies against) baby’s blood type. Next pregnancy w/ Rh- baby means mother immunity can attack baby
  • Erythroblastosis Fetalis
88
Q

Amenorrhea

A

Absence of menstruation

89
Q

Dysmenorrhea

A

Painful cramping with menses

90
Q

Menorrhagia

A

Excessive menstrual bleeding

91
Q

Oligomenorrhea

A

Scant menstrual bleeding

92
Q

Metrorrhagia

A

Bleeding in-between cycle

93
Q

Menometrorrhagia

A

Excessive and irregular menstrual bleeding

94
Q

Dyspareunia

A

Painful sexual intercourse

95
Q

Cervicitus

A

Inflammation of the cervix

96
Q

Mastitis

A

Inflammation of breast

97
Q

Salpingitis

A

Inflammation of fallopian tube

98
Q

Vaginitis

A

Inflammation of vagina

99
Q

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

A

Inflammatory disease of a cervix, uterus, and fallopian tubes

100
Q

Ovarian Cyst

A

Cystic mass of ovaries, still functional

  • Cystadenoma; Dermoid (teratoma)
101
Q

Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD)

A

Multiple cysts in both ovaries

102
Q

Uterine Fibroids

A

Benign uterine muscle tumors

Cause: Pelvic Pain, Menorrhagia, Dysfunctional bleeding patterns

Treatment: Abdominal Hysterectomy, Endometrial Ablation,, D&C (scraping of lining)

103
Q

Endometriosis

A

Abnormal growth of uterine lining (endometrium)

Growth - outside of uterus cavity, on ovaries, fallopian tubes, and pelvis

Causes: Dysmenorrhea, Pelvic Pain, Dyspareunia
Treatment: Surgery

104
Q

Gonorrhea

A

Bacteria infects cervix

105
Q

Chlamydia

A

Bacteria infects cervix

106
Q

Syphilis

A

STD causes open sore (chancre) on labia and rash

107
Q

HPV

A

Virus STD; Condyloma (warts), cervical cancer

108
Q

Myomectomy

A

Surgical removal (excision) of fibroid tumors

109
Q

Oophorectomy

A

Removal of an ovary

110
Q

Salpingectomy

A

Removal of Fallopian Tube

111
Q

Lumpectomy

A

Removal of breast mass and some surrounding breast tissue

112
Q

Mastectomy

A

Breast is removed

113
Q

Mastopexy

A

Breast “raising” surgery

114
Q

Abortifacient

A

Drug that prevents implantation of zygote; mifepristone

115
Q

HRT

A

Hormone Replacement Therapy; Estrogen/Progesterone

116
Q

Oxytocin

A

Labor Inducing drug

117
Q

Tocolytic

A

Drug that stops labor

118
Q

Spermatozoa

A

Male Gamete or sex cell

Spermatozoon (pl.)

119
Q

Testes

A

Male Gonads; Produce sperm in the seminiferous tubules, aka testicles, located in scrotum

120
Q

Spermatogenesis

A

Process of producing sperm

121
Q

Testosterone

A

Male hormone produced in leydig cells between seminiferous tubules

122
Q

Epididymis

A

Superios aspect of testis, where sperm is stored (ducts)

123
Q

Vas Deferens

A

Duct from Epididymis to ejaculatory duct at seminal vesicle

124
Q

Seminal Vesicle

A

Secrete alkaline material to nourish sperm and help motility

125
Q

Prostate Gland

A

Secretes milky fluid as part of semen

126
Q

Semen

A

Sperm and secretions from prostate, seminal vesicle and cowper’s

127
Q

Cowper’s

A

Gland which secrete alkaline fluid into semen

128
Q

Perineum

A

Space between scrotum and anus

129
Q

Ejaculation

A

Process of releasing semen which has several 100 million sperm in 2-5cc of semen

130
Q

Andr (o)

A

Men

131
Q

Balan (o)

A

Glans penis

132
Q

Epididym (o)

A

Epididymis

133
Q

Orch (o)

A

Testes

134
Q

Prostat (o)

A

Prostate gland

135
Q

Sperm (o) / Spermat (o)

A

Sperm

136
Q

AIH

A

Artificial Insemination Homologous

137
Q

BPH

A

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy

138
Q

PSA

A

Prostate Specific Antigen

139
Q

TURP

A

Reduction of Prostate

140
Q

Cryptorchism

A

Undescended Testicle

141
Q

Anorchia

A

Lack of testicle

142
Q

Hypospadias

A

Abnormal urethral meatus on underneath of penis

143
Q

Epispadias

A

Meatus on top side

144
Q

Phimosis

A

Narrowing of foreskin

145
Q

Hydrocele

A

Fluid containing hernia of testis

146
Q

Varicocele

A

Herniated veins near testis

147
Q

Balanitis

A

Inflammation of penis

148
Q

Azoospermia

A

Semen without living sperm

149
Q

Aspermia

A

Inability to produce sperm

150
Q

Hernia

A

Protrusion of tissue out of its normal anatomical locations through weekend area of fascia

151
Q

Prostatitis

A

Inflammation of the prostate

152
Q

Epididymitis

A

Inflammation of the epididymis

153
Q

Peyronie’s Disease

A

Disorder; marked by curvature of penis from internal structural damage

154
Q

Seminoma

A

Tumor of testicle (malignant)

155
Q

Chancre Sore

A

STD, primary syphillis

Treated with penicillin

156
Q

Circumcision

A

Removal of foreskin; most common male surgery

157
Q

Orchiectomy

A

Removal of testis

158
Q

Prostatectomy

A

Removal of prostate gland

159
Q

Vasovasotomy

A

Reversal of a vasectomy

160
Q

Castration

A

Removal of both testicles

161
Q

Anabolic Steroids

A

Androgens (testosterone) used to increase muscle, libido or stamina. Abused by athletes

162
Q

BPH Treatments

A

Diminish size of prostate, allow urination

163
Q

Erectile Dysfunction

A

Sildenatil (viagra); tadalafil (cialis)

Medical Terminology (20 decks)

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