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Medical Terminology > Chapter 3 (2) - Body Structure > Flashcards

Chapter 3 (2) - Body Structure Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

blood system (Old English “blud”)

A

Body system that includes blood and all its component parts.

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1
Q

abdominal cavity

A

Body space between the abdominal walls, above the pelvis, and below the diaphragm

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2
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

Body system tat includes the heart and blood vessels; circulatory system.

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3
Q

Cell

Latin “cella”, storeroom

A

Smallest unit of a living structure.

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4
Q

Connective Tissue

A

Fibrous substance that forms the body’s supportive framework.

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5
Q

Cranial Cavity

A

Space in the head that contains the brain.

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6
Q

Diaphragm

A

Muscle that divides the abdominal and thoracic cavities

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7
Q

Digestive System

A

Body system that includes all organs of digestion and waste excretion, from the mouth to the anus.

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8
Q

Dorsal Cavity

A

main cavity on the back side of the body containing the cranial and spinal cavities.

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9
Q

Endocrine System

A

Body system that includes glands which secrete hormones to regulate certain body functions.

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10
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

Tissue that covers or lines the body or its parts.

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11
Q

Integumentary System

A

Body system that includes skin, hair, and nails.

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12
Q

Lymphatic and Immune System

A

Body system that includes the lymph, glands of the lymphatic system, lymphatic vessels, and the specific and nonspecific defenses of the immune system.

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13
Q

Muscle Tissue

A

Tissue that is able to contract and relax.

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14
Q

Musculoskeletal System

A

Body system that includes muscles, bones, and cartilage.

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15
Q

Nervous System

A

Body system that includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves and controls most body functions by sending and receiving messages.

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16
Q

Nervous Tissue

A

Specialized tissue that forms nerve cells and is capable of transmitting messages.

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17
Q

Organ

A

Group of specialized tissue that performs a specific function.

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18
Q

Pelvic Cavity

A

Body space below the abdominal cavity that includes the reproductive organs.

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19
Q

Reproductive System

A

Either the male or female body system that controls reproduction.

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20
Q

Respiratory System

A

Body system that includes the lungs and airways and performs breathing.

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21
Q

Sensory System

A

Body system that includes the eyes and ears and those parts of other systems involved in the reactions of the fives senses.

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22
Q

Spinal Cavity

A

Body space that contains the spinal cord.

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23
Q

System

A

Any group of organs and ancillary parts that work together to perform a major body function.

24
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

Body space above the abdominal cavity that contains the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels.

25
Q

Tissue

A

Any group of cells that work together to perform a single function.

26
Q

Urinary System

A

Body system that includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra and helps maintain homeostasis by removing fluid and dissolved waste.

27
Q

Ventral Cavity

A

Major cavity in the front of the body containing the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities.

28
Q

Cell Membrane

A

Outer covering of the cell. Holds substances inside the cell while helping it maintain its shape. Also regulates substances that are allowed to pass in and out of the cell.

29
Q

Nucleus

A

Central portion of each cell. Contains the Chromosomes, which are the bearer of genes and made of deoxyribonucleic acid.

30
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Substance that contains the material to instruct cells to perform different essential tasks, such as reproduction and movement.

31
Q

Anterior

A

At or toward the front (of the body).

32
Q

Deep

A

Away from the surface (of the body).

33
Q

Distal

A

Away from the point of attachment to the trunk.

34
Q

Dorsal

A

At or toward the back of the body.

35
Q

Epigastric Region

A

Area of the body immediately above the stomach.

36
Q

Frontal (Coronal) Plane

A

Imaginary line that divides the body into anterior and posterior positions.

37
Q

Hypochondriac Regions

A

Left and right regions of the body just below the cartilage of the ribs nd immediately above the abdomen.

38
Q

Hypogastric Region

A

Area of the body just below the umbilical region.

39
Q

Inferior

A

Below another body structure.

40
Q

Inguinal (iliac) Regions

A

Left and right regions of the body near the upper portion of the hip bone.

41
Q

Lateral

A

To the side.

42
Q

Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

A

Quadrant on the lower left anterior side of the patient’s body. Contains Colon, Ovary, Intestinal Tract

43
Q

Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)

A

Quadrant on the upper left anterior side of the patient’s body. Contains stomach, spleen, and parts of the liver, pancreas, and intestinal tract.

44
Q

Lumbar Regions

A

Left and right regions of the body near the abdomen.

45
Q

Medial

A

At or near the middle (of the body).

46
Q

Medial (Midsagittal) Plane

A

Imaginary line that divides the body into equal left and right halves.

47
Q

Posterior

A

At or toward the back side (of the body).

48
Q

Prone

A

Lying on the stomach with the face down.

49
Q

Proximal

A

At or near the point of attachment to the trunk.

50
Q

Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)

A

Quadrant on the lower right anterior side of the patient’s body. Contains the appendix, parts of the intestines, colon, and ovary.

51
Q

Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)

A

Quadrant on the upper right anterior side of the patient’s body. Contains part of the liver, the gallbladder, head of pancreas, and intestinal tract.

52
Q

Sagittal (Lateral) Plane

A

Imaginary line that divides the body into right and left portions.

53
Q

Superficial

A

At or near the surface (of the body).

54
Q

Superior

A

Above another body structure.

55
Q

Supine

A

Lying on the spine facing upward.

56
Q

Transverse (Cross-sectional) Plane

A

Imaginary line that intersects the body horizontally.

57
Q

Umbilical Region

A

Area of the body surrounding the umbilicus.

58
Q

Ventral

A

At or toward the front (of the body).

Medical Terminology (20 decks)

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