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Medical Terminology > Chpt 13 (14) - Lymph & Immune System > Flashcards

Chpt 13 (14) - Lymph & Immune System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Lymphatic System: Functions

A
  • Reduces tissue edema (swelling)
  • Returns proteins from interstitial fluid back to blood
  • Traps and Filters cellular debris and foreign substance; bacteria, toxins, cancer cells, viruses, pathogens
  • Recycles body fluid
  • Circulates lymphocytes to assist with immune function
  • Transports fats from GI tract back to blood stream
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2
Q

Immune System: Functions

A
  • Protects the body from foreign invasion
  • Coordinates activities in the blood stream, tissues, and lymph to protect body from invasion
  • Fights infection and protects against future infections by producing antibodies and immune cells
  • Production of immunoglobulin (Antibodies)
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3
Q

Lymphatic System

A

1 way “drainage” of tissue plasma back to heart to lower edema (swelling) of body’s tissue

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4
Q

Afferent Lymphatic Vessels

A

Bring fluid into lymph nodes

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5
Q

Efferent Lymphatic Vessels

A

Allow fluid to leave lymph nodes

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6
Q

Germinal Centers (follicle)

A

“Filter” sites within lymph nodes which contain macrophages to filter fluid

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7
Q

Hilus

A

Area of lymph node where efferent vessels exit

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8
Q

Medulla

A

Center of lymph node

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9
Q

Capsule

A

Outer shell of lymph node

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10
Q

Papilteal

A

Region around knee containing lymph nodes

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11
Q

Inguinal and Femoral

A

Region around groin and femur point which contains lymph nodes

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12
Q

Mesenteric

A

RLQ, above Inguinal which contains lymph nodes

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13
Q

Spleenic

A

LUQ, spleen as a lymph node

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14
Q

Mediastinal

A

Region in middle of chest which contains lymph nodes

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15
Q

Axillary

A

Region near armpits which contain lymph nodes

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16
Q

Infraclavicular

A

Region near clavicle which contains lymph nodes

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17
Q

Cervical

A

Region around throat which contains lymph nodes

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18
Q

Hilar

A

Region near heart that contains lymph nodes

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19
Q

Lymph Pathways

A

Vessels that transport lymph fluid

 - Lymph capillaries
 - Receive fluid and debris 
 - Moves one way, toward heart
 - Valves encourage one way flow
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20
Q

Lymph Nodes

A
  • Located near joints
  • Filter foreign substances
  • Primary Filtering agents:
    • Macrophages
    • Lymphocytes

No lymph nodes in CNS

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21
Q

Spleen

A
  • Largest lymph organ
  • LUQ of abdomen
  • Removes: Bacteria, Old RBCs
  • Filters Blood
  • Produces antibodies
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22
Q

Cells of Immune System

A

Stem Cells produce:

 - Lymphoid 
 - Myeloid
  • Lymphoid produce:
    • Lymphocytes
      • B Cells
      • T Cells
  • Myeloid produce:
    • Granulocytes
      • Neutrophils
      • Eosinophils
      • Basophils
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23
Q

Lymph and Immune Systems

A
  • Share same structure and function roles
  • Both Contain:
    • Spleen
    • Lymph Nodes
    • Thymus
    • Immune Cells (Leukocytes)
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24
Q

B Cells

A

Secrete Antibodies

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25
Q

Cytotoxic T Cells

A

Engulf and kill cancer and infected cells

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26
Q

Helper T Cells (T4)

A

Activate B Cells and Cytotoxic T Cells

  • Affected by HIV
27
Q

From Leukocytes

A

Neutrophils - Phagocytes

Basophils - Inflammation

Eosinophils - Parasite Infection

Lymphocytes - Specific Immune Response

28
Q

Neutrophils

A

Engulf bacteria and cellular debris; Frontline of immunity

 - Myeloid
29
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Produce Antibodies and regulate immune response (B & T Cells)

  • Specific Immunity
30
Q

Monocytes

A

Associated with engulfing cellular debris, antigen processing

31
Q

Eosinophils

A

Associated with parasitic infection and allergic response

- Myeloid

32
Q

Basophils

A

Associated with hypersensitivity and release histamine

33
Q

Helper T Cells

A

Used to activate B Cells to release antibodies to go fight pathogen

34
Q

Defense Against Pathogen

A

Pathogen: Disease producing agent

Mechanical & Chemical Defenses:

 - Skin; Mucus Membranes, Cilia 
 - Gastric Juices

Natural Immunity:
- Natural resistance to certain disease

Acquired Immunity:

 - Exposure to pathogen or vaccination 
 - Humoral and Cell Mediated
35
Q

Humoral Immunity

A

B cells which become plasma cells:

 - Secrete immunoglobulin (antibodies)
 - IgG: Bacteria, virus, toxins activate this antibody 
 - IgA: In breast milk, tears, nasal fluid, saliva, gastric juice
 - IgM: Bacteria, virus' activate this antibody first 
 - IgE: Important in Allergic Reaction
36
Q

Cell Mediated Immunity (T Cells)

A
  • Acquired active immunity: by T Cell action
  • T Cells specific to antigen
    • Reproduce and secrete cytokines / lymphokines
    • T Cells also activate B cells which secrete antibodies
  • Helper T Cells: T4 that stimulate immune response
  • Cytotoxic T Cells: T8 destroy infected cells
37
Q

Aden (o)

A

Gland

38
Q

Immun (o)

A

Immunity

39
Q

Lymph (o)

A

Lymph

40
Q

Lymphaden (o)

A

Lymph Nodes

41
Q

Lymphangi (o)

A

Lymphatic Vessels

42
Q

Splen (o)

A

Spleen

43
Q

Thym (o)

A

Thymus

44
Q

Tox (o); Toxic (o); Toxi

A

Poison

45
Q

ALL

A

Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

46
Q

AML

A

Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

47
Q

CLL

A

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

48
Q

CML

A

Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

49
Q

CMV

A

Cytomegalo Virus

50
Q

PCP

A

Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia

51
Q
  • EBV *
A

Epstein-Barr Virus

52
Q

HSV

A

Herpes Simplex Virus

53
Q

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

A

Lymph cancer usually appears in early adulthood

54
Q

Non-Hodgkin’s

A

Lymph cancer with some healthy cells and spreading in diffusive pattern; appears in middle or older age

55
Q

Hypersplenism

A

Overactive enlarged spleen

56
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

Life-threatening allergic reaction

57
Q

Mononucleosis

A

EBV infection

58
Q

Splenomegaly

A

Enlarged spleen

59
Q

Thymoma

A

Tumor of thymus gland

60
Q

Sarcoidosis

A

Inflammatory condition with lesions involving the lymph nodes, lungs, and other organs

61
Q

Lymphadenectomy

A

Removal of lymph node

62
Q

Lymphadenotomy

A

Incision into a lymph node

63
Q

Splenectomy

A

Removal of spleen

64
Q

Thymectomy

A

Removal of thymus gland

Medical Terminology (20 decks)

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