Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Terminology > Chapter 8 (7) - Neuro Video Notes > Flashcards

Chapter 8 (7) - Neuro Video Notes Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

PNS

A

Peripheral Nervous System; nerves that leave the spinal cord and intervate the body.

12 Cranial nerves intervate head

31 Spinal nerves intervate body

Somatic = voluntary
Autonomic = involuntary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

CNS

A

Central Nervous System, contains brain and spinal cord

Responsible for: Controlling, receiving, and interpreting all stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Neurons

A

Nerve Cells

  • Dendrites: Fibers that sense and bring impulses toward cell body
  • Cell Body: Main processing center of cell
  • Axon: Single branch which conducts nerve impulses away from cell body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Myelin Sheath & Neurilemma

A

Are coverings for the neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Synapse

A

Space between Axon of one neuron and dendrite of another or Axon of one neuron and muscle fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Chemical release from first neurons Axon into space (synapse) that then excites second neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

All neurons 2 basic properties

A
  • Excitability

- Conductivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Neuroglia Cells

A

Astrocytes - Starshaped cells that maintain the nutrient and chemical levels in neuron

Oligodendroglia - Produce myelin and help in supporting the neurons within CNS

Microglia - Phagocytes, they remove debris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Efferent Neurons

A

(Motor) Convey information from CNS to muscles and glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Afferent Neurons

A

(Sensory) Carry information from sensory receptors to the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Interneurons

A

Carry and process sensory information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Schwann Cells

A

Produce Myelin in PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

4 Divisions of CNS

A
  • Brainstem
  • Cerebellum
  • Cerebrum
  • Diencephalon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Brainstem

A

Connects the higher brain to Spinal Cord
- Lower brain functions: Automatic NS
- Midbrain, Pons, Medulla
Midbrain - Involves visual reflexes
Pons - Controls certain respiratory function
Medulla Oblongata - Regulate heart and lung functioning, swallowing, coughing, vomiting, sneezing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cerebellum

A

Coordinates muskulotskeletal movement to maintain coordination, balance and posture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cerebrum

A

85% mass of the brain, 2 hemispheres, contains grey and white matter

  • Consciousness, language, motor control, logic

Frontal, Parietal, Occipital and Temporal Lobes

Corpus Callosum connects the two hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Diencephalon

A

Deep portion of the brain

  • Thalamus, Hypothalamus
  • Relay center, integration of brain functions, sensation integration
  • Integration of blood pressure, temp control and behavioral function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Brain

A

Controls bodily function and interaction with outside world

Weighs about 3lbs, 75% water, with over 100B neurons

Divisions are: Brainstem, Cerebellum, Diencephalon, Cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid

A

(CSF) Fills space between brain and cranium

  • Delivers nutrients and cushions brain
  • Made in ventricles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Spinal Cord

A

Extends from Medulla to L2 within vertebral column and submits nerves of PNS

Regions:

  • Cervical: Neck
  • Brachial: Lower neck and axilla
  • Lumbar: Legs and pelvis
  • Sacral: Pelvis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Meninges

A

3 layers of connective tissue that covers Brain and Spinal Column (SC)

  • Dura Mater (outer, nearest cranium)
  • Arachnoid Mater (contains CSF)
  • Pia Mater (closest to Brain/SC)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cranial Nerves (12 pairs)

A

I Olfactory - Sense of smell

II Optic - Sense of vision

V Trigeminal - Motor and sensory for facial muscles

VII Facial - Taste, facial expression, salvary glands, tears

X Vagus - Speech, swallowing, heart, smooth muscle, many glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

Responsible for receiving and processing sensory input from skin, muscles, tendons, joints, eyes, tongue, nose and ears as well as excite the voluntary contraction of skeletal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Automatic Nervous System

A

Carries impulses from the CNS to glands, various smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and various membranes

  • Stimulates organs, glands and senses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Sympathetic Division of ANS

A

Operates when body is under stress to activate responses necessary to react to dangerous situations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Parasympathetic Division of ANS

A

Operates to keep the body in homeostasis or balance under normal conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Cerebell(o)

A

Cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Cerebr(o)

A

Cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Crani(o)

A

Cranium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Encephal(o)

A

Brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Gangli(o)

A

Ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Gli(o)

A

Neuroglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Mening(o)

A

Meninges

33
Q

Myel(o)

A

Bone marrow

Spinal Cord

34
Q

Neur(o)

A

Nerve

35
Q

Spin(o)

A

Spine

36
Q

Thalam(o)

A

Thalamus

37
Q

Vag(o)

A

Vagus Nerve

38
Q

Ventricul(o)

A

Ventricle

39
Q

Ach

A

Acetylcholine

40
Q

ALS

A

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrig’s)

Degenerative disease of motor neurons lending to loss of muscle control and death

41
Q

BBB

A

Blood Brain Barrier

42
Q

CNS

A

Central Nervous System

43
Q

CP

A

Cerebral Palsy

44
Q

CSF

A

Cerebral Spinal Fluid

45
Q

CAT scan

A

Computerized (axial) Tomography

46
Q

CVA

A

Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke)

47
Q

CVD

A

Cerebrovascular Disease

48
Q

PNS

A

Peripheral Nervous System

49
Q

Absence Seizure

A

Mild epileptic seizure consists of brief disorientation

50
Q

Agnosia

A

Inability to receive and understand simple stimuli

51
Q

Aphasia

A

Loss of speech

52
Q

Apraxia

A

Inability to use familiar objects

53
Q

Aura

A

Symptoms which precede seizure

54
Q

Cerebellitis

A

Inflammation of cerebellum

55
Q

Dopamine

A

Brain chemical (neurotransmitter), lack of which causes Parkinson’s

56
Q

Dysphasia

A

Difficult speech

57
Q

Gait

A

Manner of walking

58
Q

Grandmal Seizure

A

Tonic-clonic seizure

59
Q

Myelitis

A

Spinal Chord inflammation

60
Q

Neuritis

A

Inflammation of nerve

61
Q

Palsy

A

Paralysis (partial or complete)

62
Q

Parasthesia

A

Abnormal sensation (tingling)

63
Q

Radiculitis

A

Inflammation of spinal nerve roots

64
Q

Sciatica

A

Inflammation of Sciatic Nerve

65
Q

Somnolence

A

Depressed mental state noted by extreme sleepiness

66
Q

Syncope

A

“Fainting”, sudden loss of consciousness

67
Q

Tics

A

Twitching movements; repetitive motions

68
Q

Tonic-clonic

A

Seizure; convulsions with spasmodic jerking of limbs and LOC

69
Q

TIA

A

“Mini-stoke”, short neurological event with recovery (no permanent neurological damage)

70
Q

Gliomas

A

Tumors that arise from Neuroglia

71
Q

Meningiomas

A

Tumors that arise from the meninges

72
Q

Ganglion

A

Any group of nerve cells bunched together to form a cyst

73
Q

Lobectomy

A

Removal of a portion of the brain

74
Q

Craniectomy

A

Removal of part of the skull

75
Q

Neuroplasty

A

Surgical repair of a nerve

76
Q

Neurectomy

A

Surgical removal of a nerve

77
Q

Analgesics

A

Relieve Pain

78
Q

Anesthetics

A

Numb body locally or generally

79
Q

Narcotics

A

Relieve pain by inducing a stuporous or euphoric state

80
Q

Anticonvulsants

A

Treat epilepsy

81
Q

Sedatives & Hypnotics

A

Relax the nerves and sometimes induce sleep

Medical Terminology (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions