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Medical Terminology > Chapter 5 (4) - Musculoskeletal Vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 5 (4) - Musculoskeletal Vocab Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

Bone

A

Constantly being resorbed and built. Bones are a balance of calcium, phosphorus, and Vitamin D.

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1
Q

Muskulotskeletal System

A

Framework that holds body together and provides movement and protection of internal organs. Includes the bones, joints and muscles

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2
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Bone forming cells

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3
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Bone resorption cells

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4
Q

Adult Skeleton

A 
Contains 206 Bones. Types of bone include:
Long Bone (Femur)
Short Bone (Ankle, Toes, Wrist)
Flat Bones (Skull, Shoulder, Pelvis)
Irregular Bones (Vertebrae)
Sesamoid Bones (Kneecap)
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5
Q

Articular Cartilage

A

Cartilage at a joint: Thin flexible substance that provides protection at moveable points

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6
Q

Medullar Cavity

A

Soft center cavity in bone that often holds marrow

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7
Q

Frontal Bone

A

Large bone of the skull that forms the top of the head and forehead; Forehead

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8
Q

Occipital Bone

A

Bone that forms the lower back portion of the skull; beneath the Parietal Bone

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9
Q

Temporal Bone

A

Large bone forming the base and sides of the skull

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10
Q

Ethmoid Bone

A

Irregular bone of the face attached to the sphenoid bone

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11
Q

Sinus Cavities

A

Help decrease the weight of the skull, include:
Frontal - Above eyebrows
Ethmoid - Near center bone (Ethmoid Bone)
Maxillary - Located on either side of the nose
Sphenoid - Deeper within the sinus cavity

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12
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

Trunk and Head skeletal structure

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13
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Limbs skeletal structure

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14
Q

Diarthroses Joint

A

Joint that moves freely

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15
Q

Synarthreses Joint

A

Joint with no movement

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16
Q

Amphiarthrosis Joint

A

Joint with slight movement

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17
Q

Spinal Column

A 
Contains 5 sets of vertebrae:
Cervical (top 7)
Thoracic (12)
Lumbar (5)
Sacrum (5)
Coccyx (1)
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18
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

Chest Cavity

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19
Q

Clavicle

A

Curved bone of the shoulder that joins to the scapula; collar bone.

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20
Q

Scapula

A

Large flat bone that forms the shoulder blade.

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21
Q

Sternum

A

Long, flat bone that forms the midline of the anterior of the thorax.

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22
Q

True Ribs

A

Seven upper ribs of the chest that attach to the sternum.

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23
Q

False Ribs

A

Attach to the vertebral column but not to the sternum

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24
Q

Floating Ribs

A

They do not attach to the sternum anteriorly

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25
Q

ilium

A

Wide portion of the hip bone

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26
Q

Ischium

A

One of three fused bones that form the pelvic girdle

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27
Q

Pubes

A

Anteroinferior portion of the hip bone

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28
Q

Pelvic Cavity

A

Cup-shaped cavity formed by the large bones of the pelvic girdle; contains female reproductive organs, sigmoid colon, bladder, and rectum.

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29
Q

Pubic Symphysis

A

Where both pubic bones join

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30
Q

Digits

A

Hands

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31
Q

Carpuls

A

Wrist bones

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32
Q

Metacarpals

A

One of five bones of the hand between the wrist and the fingers.

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33
Q

Proximal Phalanges

A

Nearest finger bones

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34
Q

Intermediate Phalanges

A

Middle finger bones

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35
Q

Distal Phalanges

A

Farthest finger bones

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36
Q

Radius

A

Shorter bone of the forearm; thumb side

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37
Q

Ulna

A

Larger bone of the forearm; pinky side

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38
Q

Humerus

A

Upper Arm

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39
Q

Lower Arm

A

Constructed of the:

  • Ulna (Pinky side)
  • Radius (Thumb side)
40
Q

Femur

A

Long bone of the thigh

41
Q

Tibia

A

Larger of the two lower leg bones; Shin

42
Q

Fibula

A

Smallest long bone of the lower leg

43
Q

Patella

A

Large, sesamoid bone that forms the kneecap

44
Q

Tarsals

A

Seven bones of the instep (arch of the foot)

45
Q

Calcaneus

A

Heel

46
Q

Metatarsals

A

Bones of the foot between the instep (arch) and the toes

47
Q

Phalanges

A

Long bones of the fingers and toes

48
Q

Tendons

A

Fibrous tissue that connect muscle to bone

49
Q

Ligaments

A

Sheet of fibrous tissue supporting and connecting bones; bones to other bones

50
Q

Synovial Fluid

A

Joint lubricator

51
Q

Voluntary muscles

A

Skeletal Muscles

52
Q

Involuntary Muscles

A

Smooth muscles

53
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

Heart

54
Q

Acetabul(o)

A

Pertaining to acetabulum; cup shaped part of the pelvis

55
Q

Acromi(o)

A

End of the scapula

56
Q

Brachi(o)

A

Arm

57
Q

Calcane (o)

A

Heel

58
Q

Dactyl (o)

A

Fingers or digits

59
Q

My(o)

A

Muscle

60
Q

Maxill(o)

A

Upper jaw

61
Q

Myel(o)

A

Spinal cord;

Bone marrow

62
Q

Ped (o)

A

Foot

63
Q

Pod (o)

A

Foot

64
Q

Phalang (o)

A

Finger or toe

65
Q

Rach (i)

A

Spine

66
Q

Leimyo

A

Smooth muscle

67
Q

Rhabdomyo

A

Skeletal muscle

68
Q

Spondyl (o)

A

Vertebra

69
Q

Arthr (o)

A

Joint

70
Q

Ankl (o)

A

Bent

71
Q

AK

A

Above Knee

72
Q

BK

A

Below Knee

73
Q

C1 - C2

A

Junction of 1st and 2nd cervical vertebrae

74
Q

PJD

A

Degenerative joint disease

75
Q

Fx

A

Fracture

76
Q

NSAID

A

Non-Steriod Anti inflammatory Drug

77
Q

OA

A

Osteoarthritis

78
Q

ROM

A

Range of Motion

79
Q

Atlas

A

C1 - first cervical vertebrae

80
Q

Axis

A

C2 - second cervical vertebrae

81
Q

Cartilage

A

Connective tissue found in joints which cushion force

82
Q

Epiphyseal Plate

A

“Growth plate”

83
Q

Ossification

A

Process of becoming solid bone

84
Q

Periosteum

A

Fibrous membrane covering surface of bone

85
Q

Osteoalgia

A

Pain of the bone

86
Q

Myalgia

A

Pain of the muscle

87
Q

Arthralgia

A

Pain of the joint

88
Q

Arthritis

A

Inflammation of the joint

89
Q

Tetany

A

“Charlie Horse”, muscle contracts without relaxing

90
Q

Analgesics

A

Pain medications

91
Q

Steriods

A

Powerful antiinflammatories

92
Q

Muscle Relaxants

A

Skeletal muscles relax

93
Q

Reduction

A

The return of a part to its normal position

94
Q

Osteoplasty

A

Repair of a bone

95
Q

Tenotomy

A

Cutting into a tendon to repair a muscle

96
Q

Athroplasty

A

Repair of a joint

97
Q

Luminectomy

A

Removal of a part of a spinal disk

Medical Terminology (20 decks)

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