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Medical Terminology > Chapter 12 (8) - Blood System > Flashcards

Chapter 12 (8) - Blood System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Blood

A

Composed of water, cells, electrolytes, proteins, and nutrients.

Transport Medium - Glucose, hormones, oxygen and waste

5 Liters in body average

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2
Q

Structure and Function of Blood

A
  • Complex mixture of cells, water, proteins and sugars.
  • Transports nutrients, oxygen and hormones all over body
  • Helps regulate body temperature
  • Maintain stability of body’s fluid volume
  • Transports waste products away from body cells.
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3
Q

Plasma

A

Fluid portion (55% of total blood volume)

  • Water, Proteins, Electrolytes, Nutrients, Vitamins and Hormones
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4
Q

Cells

A

Particulate portion (45% total blood volume)

  • RBC, WBC, Platelets
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5
Q

Buffy Coat

A

WBC & Platelets; When centrifuged it is the portion of blood between the plasma above and RBC’s below.

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6
Q

Coagulation

A
  • Blood clotting
  • Fibrinogen and Prothrombin are proteins necessary for clotting to occur
  • Starts with platelets (temporary plug)
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7
Q

Plasmapheresis

A

Centrifuge blood which separates plasma from cells and only return cells to patient

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8
Q

Gamma Globulins

A

Globulin protein fraction

  • Immune function (antibodies)
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9
Q

Electrophoresis

A

Process of separating Globulins into fractions (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta)

  • Current applied to globulin proteins from plasma division into subtypes
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10
Q

Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)

A

Live for 120 days; No nucleus to carry more O2

  • Produced in Bone Marrow in response to Erythropoietin (Hormone)
  • Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that is essential to the transport of oxygen
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11
Q

Hematocrit

A

Measure of concentration of RBC in blood; should be around 40%ish

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12
Q

Leukocytes

A

White blood cells, destroy foreign substances

  • 2 Main Groups: Granulocytes & Agranulocytes
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13
Q

Granulocytes

A
  • Neutrophils (50%-60%)
  • Eosinophils
  • Basophils
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14
Q

Agranulocytes

A
  • Monocytes

- Lymphocytes

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15
Q

Neutrophils

A

50% - 60%, phagocytes of bacteria and viruses

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16
Q

Eosinophils

A

2% - 3%, Kill parasites, allergic reactions

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17
Q

Basophils

A

1%, Secrete heparin and histamine (Allergy)

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18
Q

Monocytes

A

3%

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19
Q

Lymphocytes

A

25%

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20
Q

Platelets

A

aka Thrombocytes, live about 10 days

  • Assist in blood clotting, control bleeding temporarily
  • Derived from Megakaryocytes
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21
Q

Blood Typing

A

Transfusions of blood rarely worked until the “typing” of blood was developed.

Tested for type to prevent agglutination of clumping of blood cells (transfusion reaction)

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22
Q

4 Types of Blood

A

Based on which Antigen (Ag) is present in RBC

  • Type O: No Antigens Present (Both Antibodies)
  • Type A: “A” Antigen present (“B” antibodies)
  • Type B: “B” Antigen present (“A” antibodies)
  • Type AB: “A & B” Antigen present (No Antibodies

Type O is universal donor.
Type AB is universal recipient

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23
Q

Rh

A

Type of antigen first discovered in Rhesus monkeys

  • ”+” = presence of Rh antigen
  • ”-“ = no Rh antigen
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24
Q

WRT Pregnancy

A

Rh negative mother with Rh positive baby (because of the father) may develop antibodies to attack blood of 2nd pregnancy Rh positive Baby.

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25
Q

Agglutin (o)

A

Agglutinin

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26
Q

Eosin (o)

A

Eosinophil

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27
Q

Erythr (o)

A

Red

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28
Q

Hemat (o)

A

Blood

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29
Q

Leuk (o)

A

White

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30
Q

Phag (o)

A

Eating, Devouring

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31
Q

Thromb (o)

A

Blood Clot

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32
Q

APTT

A

Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time

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33
Q

baso

A

basophil

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34
Q

BCP

A

Biochemistry Panel

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35
Q

BMT

A

Bone Marrow Transplant

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36
Q

CBC

A

Complete Blood Count

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37
Q

dif

A

Differential Blood Count

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38
Q

eos

A

Eosinophils

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39
Q

ESR

A

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate

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40
Q

G-CSF

A

Granulocyte Colony-stimulating Factor

41
Q

HCT

A

Hematocrit

42
Q

HGB

A

Hemoglobin

43
Q

MCH

A

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin

44
Q

MCHC

A

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration

45
Q

MCV

A

Mean Corpuscular Volume

46
Q

mono

A

Monocyte

47
Q

PCV

A

Packed Cell Volume

48
Q

PLT

A

Platelet Count

49
Q

PMN

A

Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil

50
Q

PT

A

Prothrombin Time

51
Q

PTT

A

Partial Thromboplastin Time

52
Q

RBC

A

Red Blood Cell

53
Q

SR

A

Sedimentation Rate

54
Q

seg

A

Segmented Mature White Blood Cell

55
Q

WBC

A

White Blood Cell

56
Q

Venapuncture / Phlebotomy

A

Withdrawal of blood for examination

57
Q

Complete Blood Count (CBC)

A

Common Screen for Hematocrit

58
Q

Blood Indices

A

Measurement of size, volume, and content of RBC

59
Q

Hematocrit

A

Measures packed red blood cells in a sample

60
Q

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate / Sedimentation Rate

A

Test for rate at which red blood cells fall through plasma

61
Q

Antiglobulin Test

A

Test for antibodies on red blood cells

62
Q

Blood Chemistry

A

Test plasma for various substances such as glucose and electrolytes

63
Q

WBC Differential

A

Looks at number and type of leukocytes

64
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Measures level of Hemoglobin in blood

65
Q

Prothrombin Time (PT)

A

Test for coagulation defects

66
Q

Dyscrasia

A

General term for any disease of the blood with abnormal material present

67
Q

Anemia

A

General term for condition where RBC do not transport enough oxygen to the tissues

  • Causes may be related to low number of cells or due to a low amount of hemoglobin
68
Q

Common Types of Anemia

A
  • Iron Deficiency
  • Aplastic
  • Pernicious
  • Sickle Cell
  • Hemolytic
  • Posthemorrhagic
69
Q

Hemophilia

A

Hereditary disorder in which there is a lack of clotting factor VIII

  • Treated with medications & Blood Transfusions
70
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Bleeding disorder with a lack of platelets

  • Occurs in the condition called purpura, which is the presence of multiple tiny hemorrhages under skin
71
Q

Pancytopenia

A

Low number of all blood cells

72
Q

Hemochromatosis

A

Hereditary disorder that causes excessive iron to build up in the blood

73
Q

Erythropenia

A

Low number of RBC

74
Q

Poikilocytosis

A

Irregularly shaped red blood cells

75
Q

Reticulocytosis

A

Abnormal number of immature RBC

76
Q

Hemolysis

A

Breakdown in RBC membrane

77
Q

Macrocytosis

A

Abnormally large RBC

78
Q

Polycythemia

A

Abnormal increase in RBCs and Hemoglobin

79
Q

Leukemia

A

Neoplastic disorder in which there is an excessive increase in WBC

80
Q

Granulocytosis

A

Abnormal increase of granulocytes in the bloodstream, commonly seen during times of infection

81
Q

Multiple Myeloma

A

Malignant tumor of bone marrow

82
Q

Bone Marrow Biopsy

A

Needle inserted into the bone marrow cavity and bone marrow is removed for analysis

83
Q

Albumin

A

Protein in Blood

84
Q

Coagulation

A

Changing of a liquid (blood) into semi-solid

85
Q

Erythropoietin

A

Hormone released by kidneys which stimulate RBC production

86
Q

Serum

A

Liquid left after blood has clotted or after clotting factors are removed

87
Q

SMA

A

Synonymous with Blood Chemistry

88
Q

Anemia

A

Low RBC count or low Hematocrit

89
Q

Anisocytosis

A

Condition of abnormal variation in the size of RBC

90
Q

Hemolysis

A

Disorder of breakdown of RBC

  • Lysis or rupture of erythrocytes
91
Q

Macrocytosis

A

Abnormally large cell; specifically RBC

92
Q

Microcytosis

A

Small RBC

93
Q

Polycythemia

A

Abnormal increase in RBC/hematocrit level

94
Q

Anticoagulant

A

Agent that prevents formation of blood clots

95
Q

Coagulant

A

Clotting agent

96
Q

Hemostatic

A

Agent that stops bleeding

97
Q

Thrombolytic

A

Agent that dissolves clots

98
Q

Remission

A

Disappearance of disease

99
Q

Von Willebrands Disease

A

Hemorrhagic disorder with tendency to bleed from mucus membranes

Medical Terminology (20 decks)

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