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Medical Terminology > Chapter 9 (10) - Urinary System > Flashcards

Chapter 9 (10) - Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Urinary System

A

2 Kidneys, each with a ureter that leads to the bladder. From the bladder a urethra and meatus at the end of the urethra to let the urine out.

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2
Q

Excretory System

A

Balances water and electrolytes

  • Removes waste from blood; excretes in urine
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3
Q

Kidneys

A

Retroperitoneal - Behind abdominal cavity, beside vertebrate

2 Functions:

  • Form urine for excretion
  • Retain essential substances in blood
    - Water, Electrolytes, pH, Reabsorption
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4
Q

Kidney Anatomy

A

Renal Cortex - Outer portion, just inside renal capsule

Renal Medulla - Middle portion of the Kidney

Renal Pyramid - Made up of nephrons

Renal Hilum - Where Renal Artery, Vein, and Urethra enter/exit

Filters:

    - Water, Salts (sodium, potassium), Sugar (glucose)
    - Nitrogenous Toxins: Urea, Creatine, Uric Acid
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5
Q

Renal Artery/Vein

A

Incoming Blood / outgoing blood, cleanest blood

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6
Q

Functional Unit of the Kidney

A

Nephron, about 1 million/kidney

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7
Q

Nephron Anatomy

A
  • Renal Corpuscle
    - Glomerulus:
    - Capillaries - filtration of blood (by pressure)
    - Bowman’s Capsule:
    - Filtered Urine Captured
    - 1st part of renal tubule
    - Renal Tubule: Carries filtered fluid
    - Proximal
    - Loop of Henle
    - Distal
    - Collecting Duct
    - Collecting Ducts Become:
    - Renal Pelvis
    - Ureter
    - Bladder
    - Urethra
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8
Q

Reabsorption w/in Kidneys occurs in:

A

Through a network of capillaries:

  • Proximal Tube
  • Loop of Henle
  • Distal Tubule

Reabsorb - Water and substances needed for body
- Sodium, Glucose, Nutrients

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9
Q

Bladder

A

Hallow muscular organ that stores urine until excreted

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10
Q

Bladder Anatomy

A
  • Trigone - Area where urethra is exiting and ureters are coming in
  • Detrusor Muscle - Muscle in wall of bladder
  • Sphincter Muscle - Around urethra, able to control and relax to urinate or contract to hold urine
  • Micturition - Voiding (emptying bladder)
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11
Q

Cali (o) / Calic (o)

A

Calix

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12
Q

Cyst (o)

A

Bladder

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13
Q

Glomerul (o)

A

Glomerulus

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14
Q

Meat (o)

A

Meatus

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15
Q

Nephr (o)

A

Kidney

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16
Q

Pyel (o)

A

Renal Pelvis

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17
Q

Ren (o)

A

Kidney

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18
Q

Ur (o)

A

Urine

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19
Q

Ureter (o)

A

Ureter

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20
Q

Uria

A

of urine

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21
Q

Vesic (o)

A

Bladder, when describing something in relation to the bladder

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22
Q

ADH

A

Antidiuretic Hormone

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23
Q

ARF

A

Acute Renal Failure

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24
Q

BUN

A

Blood Urea Nitrogen

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25
Q

CRF

A

Chronic Renal Failure

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26
Q

ESRD

A

End-stage Renal Failure

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27
Q

ESWL

A

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy

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28
Q

IVP

A

Intravenous Pyelogram

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29
Q

K+

A

Potassium

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30
Q

KUB

A

Kidney, Ureter, Bladder

31
Q

Na+

32
Q

pH

A

Power of Hydrogen concentration

33
Q

SG

A

Specific Gravity

34
Q

UA

A

Urinalysis

35
Q

UTI

A

Urinary Tract Infection

36
Q

Urinalysis

A

Urine Examination

- Physical, Chemical and Microscopic Properties

37
Q

Foley Catheter

A

Anchored catheter for period of time

38
Q

Findings from Urinalysis

A
  • Acetone; Keytones: Diabetes, starvation, dehydration
  • Protein: Damage to glomerulus with leakage of protein (proteinuria)

Pus (leukocytes): Bladder or kidney infection

Blood (RBC): Kidney stones, severe infection, tumor

Bilirubin: Indicates liver disease or gallbladder obstruction

39
Q

Blood Uria Nitrogen (BUN)

A

Goes up when kidney function decreases or fails

40
Q

Creatinine

A

Elevated when kidneys not filtering toxins

41
Q

Electrolyte levels

A

Sodium, potassium and other electrolytes are abnormal when kidneys fail

42
Q

KUB

A

Straight x-ray without dyes

43
Q

IUP

A

X-ray with dye

44
Q

Cystoscope

A

Put a scope in bladder through urethra

45
Q

Retrograde Pyelogram (RP)

A

Injecting dye backward, bladder up

46
Q

Voiding Cystourethrogram

A

X-ray taken during urination to examine the flow of urine through the system

47
Q

Renogram

A

Kidney Scan

48
Q

Hemodialysis

A

Mechanical filtration of blood for patients in kidney failure

49
Q

Peritoneal Dialysis

A

Catheter in abdomen, filter blood through bag than machine

50
Q

ESWL

A

Lithotripsy, breakdown of kidney stones

51
Q

Urinary Tract Infection

A

Infection of bladder, urethra, or kidney (pyelonephritis)

  • Dysuria, Urgency, Frequency
  • Hematuria
52
Q

Nephrolithiasis

A

Stones (calculi) of calcium which precipitate in urine and block ureter

  • Hematuria and pain
53
Q

Nephritis

A

Inflammation of the kidney

54
Q

Pyelitis

A

Inflammation of the Renal Pelvis

55
Q

Nephrosis

A

Protein leakage into urine resulting in edema

56
Q

Hydronephrosis

A

Dilation of renal pelvis and calyces, due to obstruction of water

57
Q

PCKD

A

Genetic disease causing multiple cysts in both kidneys; leading to high BP and kidney failure

58
Q

Uremia

A

Excess of urea and other toxins in blood due to kidney failure

59
Q

Renal Cell Cancer

A

Malignant tumor of kidney

60
Q

Bladder Cancer

A

Malignant tumor in bladder

61
Q

Cystocele

A

Herniation of bladder

62
Q

Cystolith

A

Stone in the bladder

63
Q

Albuminaria

A

Presence of albumin (protein) in urine

64
Q

Anuria

A

Lack of urine formation

65
Q

Dysuria

A

Painful urination

66
Q

Enuresis

A

Urinary incontinence, typically at night

67
Q

Hematuria

A

Blood in urine

68
Q

Hydronephrosis

A

Dilated kidney due to obstruction

69
Q

Ketonuria

A

Presence of ketones in urine

70
Q

Nephroblastoma

A

Malignant tumor of kidney in children

71
Q

Nocturia

A

Frequent urination at night

72
Q

Oliguria

A

Decreased urine production

73
Q

Uremia (Azotemia)

A

Toxins in blood (nitrogen based) due to kidney failure

Medical Terminology (20 decks)

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