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Medical Terminology > Chapter 7 (6) - Respiratory Video Notes > Flashcards

Chapter 7 (6) - Respiratory Video Notes Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

Adenoids

A

Lymphoid tissue in nasopharynx

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1
Q

Adam’s Apple

A

Thyroid cartilage

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2
Q

Alveolus

A

Smallest air sacks, where diffusion of O2/CO2 occur

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3
Q

Apex

A

Upper aspect of lung

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4
Q

Base

A

Bottom of lung

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5
Q

External Respiration

A

Exchange of air between atmosphere and body

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6
Q

Glottis

A

Opening between vocal cords into trachea

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7
Q

Hypopharynx

A

Laryngopharynx

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8
Q

Intercostal Muscle

A

Muscles between ribs

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9
Q

Larynx

A

“Voice Box;” Between pharynx and trachea

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10
Q

Mediastinum

A

Medium portion of thoracic cavity

Includes: Heart, Esophagus, Trachea, Lymph nodes, Thymus Gland

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11
Q

Nasopharynx

A

Part of throat above soft palate

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12
Q

Pleura

A

Double layer membrane surrounding lungs

  • Visceral covers lung
  • Parietal attaches to thoracic cavity
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13
Q

Septum

A

Cartilaginous division

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14
Q

Soft Palate

A

Muscular sheet separates nasopharynx from rest of pharynx

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15
Q

Trachea

A

“windpipe;” From larynx to Carina (division of trachea to lungs)

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16
Q

Laryngeal Carcinoma

A

Cancerous tumor of larynx (voice box)

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17
Q

Mediastinotomy

A

Incision into the Mediastinum

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18
Q

Capnography

A

Recording of CO2 levels

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19
Q

Phrenitis

A

Inflammation of diaphragm

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20
Q

Rhinorrhea

A

Flowing from the nose, runny nose

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21
Q

Thoracoplasty

A

Surgical repair of the chest

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22
Q

Tracheomalacia

A

Thinning of trachea

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23
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficulty breathing, shortness of breath

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24
Q

Eupnea

A

Normal breathing pattern

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25
Q

Bradypnea

A

Slow breathing; less than 12/min

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26
Q

Tachypnea

A

Fast breathing; greater than 20/min

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27
Q

Hypopnea

A

Shallow breathing

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28
Q

Hypernea

A

Abnormal deep breathing

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29
Q

Apnea

A

Absence of breathing

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30
Q

Orthopnea

A

Difficulty breathing while lying down

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31
Q

Cheyne-Strokes

A

Irregular, deep and labored breathing followed by apnea

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32
Q

Crackle/Rales

A

Rice-krispy crackling which occurs with pneumonia (fluid in the lungs)

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33
Q

Wheezes

A

Heard during asthma attack; COPD

  • Narrowed airways cause whistling-like sound due to obstructed airways
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34
Q

Rhonchi

A

Musical tones, with bronchitis and asthma

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35
Q

Stridor

A

Inspiration tone from obstructed upper airway

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36
Q

Dysphonia

A

Hoarseness from laryngitis

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37
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Excessive breathing in and out; caused by anxiety or overexertion

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38
Q

Hypoventilation

A

Low movement of air in and out

Leads to buildup of CO2 in blood

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39
Q

Hypercapnia

A

Excessive CO2 in blood

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40
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Deficient O2 in blood

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41
Q

Hypoxia

A

Deficient amount of O2 in the tissues

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42
Q

Lower Respiratory System

A

Trachea down

  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Bronchioles
  • Alveoli
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43
Q

Epiglottitis

A

Inflammation of the epiglottis; in children (2-5yrs) from infection

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44
Q

Laryngotracheobronchitis

A

Inflammation of the throat, lower respiratory tract

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45
Q

Pansinusitis

A

Inflammation of all the sinus’

  • Frontal
  • Maxillary
  • Ethmoid
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46
Q

Pleuritis

A

Pleurisy, inflammation of the lining of the lungs

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47
Q

Pneumonitis

A

Inflammation of the lungs

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48
Q

Hemoptysis

A

Lung and Bronchial hemorrhage with coughing up blood

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49
Q

Atelectasis

A

Collapse of small arteries

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50
Q

Tuberculosis

A

Lung infection from bacteria tuberculi

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51
Q

Lung Abscess

A

Collection of pus in lung

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52
Q

Pulmonary Edema

A

Fluid in air sacs which interrupt exchange of gasses

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53
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Collapsed lung, air accumulates around lung

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54
Q

Endotracheal Intubation

A

The insertion of a tube through the nose or mouth, pharynx, larynx, and into the trachea to establish an airway

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55
Q

Hemothorax

A

Blood in pleural cavity

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56
Q

Bronchodialators

A

Dilate the bronchial walls

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57
Q

Expectorants

A

Promote coughing and expulsion of mucus

58
Q

Antitussive

A

Relieve coughing

59
Q

Ventilators

A

Breathing substitute for patient who can’t breathe on own

60
Q

Nebulizers

A

Deliver medication through mouth into lungs (think inhaler)

61
Q

Empyema

A

Pus in the pleural cavity

62
Q

Pleural Effusion

A

Escape of fluid in the pleural cavity

63
Q

Pneumoconiosis

A

Caused by dust in lungs

64
Q

Anthracosis

A

Caused by coal dust

65
Q

Asbestosis

A

Caused by asbestos in lungs

66
Q

Silicosis

A

Caused by silica dust from grinding rocks or glass

67
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

A

Disease of exocrine glands that causes secretion of abnormally thick mucus which leads to chronic obstruction

68
Q

Adelectosis

A

Collapsed alveoli leading to collapse of a lung or part of a lung

69
Q

Chronic Destructive Pulmonary Disease

A

Any disease with obstruction to bronchial tubes

70
Q

Asthma

A

Causes a narrowing of Bronchi leading to dyspnea, wheezing, coughing

71
Q

Methods used to diagnose respiratory disorders

A
  • Auscultation - listen with a stethoscope
  • Assess Respiratory Rate
  • Percussion - knocking on chest and listening
  • Sputum Analysis - Cough up mucus (sputum) and analyze under scope
72
Q

Normal adult respiratory rate is

A

15-20 respirations per minute

73
Q

Abnormalities, such as masses and restricted blood flow, detected by:

A
  • Chest x-ray
  • MRI
  • Lung Scans
74
Q

Structures of respiratory tract can be observed by:

A
  • Endoscopy

- Bronchoscopy

75
Q

Laboratory Tests include:

A
  • Throat cultures
  • Sputum Sample
  • Arterial Blood Gases
76
Q

Adenoid (o)

A

Adenoid; gland

77
Q

Alveol (o)

A

Alveolus

78
Q

Bronch(o)

A

Bronchus

79
Q

Bronchiol(o)

A

Bronchiole

80
Q

Capn(o)

A

CO2

81
Q

Epiglott(o)

A

Epiglottis

82
Q

Laryng(o)

A

Larynx

83
Q

Lob(o)

A

Lobe of the lung

84
Q

Mediastin(o)

A

Mediastinum

85
Q

Nas(o)

A

Nose

86
Q

Or(o)

A

Mouth

87
Q

Ox(o)

A

O2

88
Q

Pharyng(o)

A

Pharynx

89
Q

Phon(o)

A

Voice, Sound

90
Q

Phren(o)

A

Diaphragm

91
Q

Pleur(o)

A

Pleura

92
Q

Pneum(o)

A

Air

93
Q

Rhin(o)

A

Nose

94
Q

Spir(o)

A

Breathing

95
Q

Steth(o)

A

Chest

96
Q

Thorac(o)

A

Thorax

97
Q

ABG

A

Arterial Blood Gas

98
Q

AFB

A

Acid Fast Bacillus

99
Q

A&P

A

Auscultation & Percussion

100
Q

ARD

A

Acute Respiratory Disease

101
Q

ARDS

A

Acute Respiratory Disease Syndrome

102
Q

ARF

A

Adult Respiratory Failure

103
Q

AP

A

Anteroposterior

104
Q

BS

A

Breathing Sounds

105
Q

COPD

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

106
Q

CPR

A

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

107
Q

CTA

A

Clear to Auscultation

108
Q

CXR

A

Chest x-ray

109
Q

DOE

A

Dyspnea on Exertion (short of breath with activity)

110
Q

DPT

A

Dipheria, Pertussis, Tetanus

111
Q

ET Tube

A

Endotracheal Intubation tube

112
Q

FEV

A

Forced Expiratory Volume

113
Q

FVC

A

Forced Vital Capacity

114
Q

IMV

A

Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation

115
Q

IPPB

A

Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing

116
Q

LLL

A

Left Lower Lobe

117
Q

LUL

A

Left Upper Lobe

118
Q

MDI

A

Metered Dose Inhaler

119
Q

PA

A

Posteroanterior (direction for x-ray, from posterior to anterior)

120
Q

PCP

A

Pneumocystis Carini Pneumonia

121
Q

PEEP

A

Positive End Expiration Pressure

122
Q

PFT

A

Pulmonary Function Test (measure mechanics of breathing)

123
Q

RLL

A

Right Lower Lobe

124
Q

RUL

A

Right Upper Lobe

125
Q

SIDS

A

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

126
Q

SOB

A

Short of Breath

127
Q

TB

A

Tuberculosis

128
Q

URI

A

Upper Respiratory Infection

129
Q

V/Q Scan

A

Ventilation/Perfusion Scan

130
Q

Pleural Cavity

A

Space between the 2 layers of the pleura

131
Q

Right Lung

A

3 Lobes: Superior, Medial, Inferior

132
Q

Left Lung

A

2 Lobes: Superior, Inferior

133
Q

Air Passageway

A

Air, Nose, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Lungs, Blood Stream

  • Inhalation requires the diaphragm to move inferior
  • Exhalation requires the diaphragm to move superior
134
Q

Choking

A

Occurs occasionally when a person swallows and inhales simultaneously where some food enters the larynx

  • Abominable Thrust Maneuver one way to save from choking
135
Q

Vocal Chords

A

Size and Thickness determine pitch and sound

  • Men = Thick and Long for low pitch
  • Women = Short and Thin for high pitch
136
Q

True Vocal Chords

A

Run Vertical and open to the Glottis

137
Q

False Vocal Chords

A

Epithelial to either side of True Vocal Chords

138
Q

External Respiration

A

Exchange of air between atmosphere and body (cells)

139
Q

Internal Respiration

A

Bringing O2 into the cells and ridding the cells of CO2

Includes: Lungs, Respiratory Tract, Muscles that move diaphragm & Chest Wall

140
Q

Cilia

A

Small, hairlike fibers that constantly move mucus and foreign particles up away from lungs

141
Q

Inspiration

A

Brings air from outside into nose and mouth; Inhalation

142
Q

Nose

A

2 Nares divided by Septum.

Warms, Filters, and Moistens Air

143
Q

Passage of Air

A
  • Enters through Nares (nostrils) where its warmed, moistened, filtered
  • Enters into Nasopharynx, where adenoids are located
  • Enters into Oropharynx, where tonsils are located
  • Enters into Laryngopharynx (hypopharynx), where divides to esophagus and trachea
  • Divides to Right and Left Bronchi at the Cerani
  • Into Bronchioles
  • Into Alveoli, where air exchange occurs

Medical Terminology (20 decks)

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