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Medical Terminology > Chapter 6 (5) - Cardiovascular Notes > Flashcards

Chapter 6 (5) - Cardiovascular Notes Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

Angioplasty

A

Opening a blocked vessel by balloon dilation

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1
Q

Anastomosis

A

Connection of two blood vessels to allow blood flow between

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2
Q

Endarterectomy

A

Surgical removal of diseased portion of lining of artery

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3
Q

Phlebotomy

A

Drawing blood from a vein

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4
Q

Valvotomy

A

Incision into a cardiac valve to correct an obstruction

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5
Q

Atrial Fibrillation

A

Arrhythmia that involve the atria

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6
Q

Aneurysm

A

Dilation of the wall of an artery

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7
Q

Asystole

A

Cardiac arrest

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8
Q

Clandication

A

Weakness and pain in legs during walking/activity due to decreased blood supply (relieved with rest)

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9
Q

Constriction

A

Narrowing of a vessel lumen

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10
Q

Embolus

A

Clot that moves from origin to clot elsewhere

Mass of foreign material (clot) blocking a blood vessel

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11
Q

Fibrillation

A

Random, chaotic heart rhythm

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12
Q

Flutter

A

Rapid regular heart rhythm

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13
Q

Ischemia

A

localized blood insufficiency caused by an obstruction

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14
Q

Infarct

A

Area of necrosis caused by lack of oxygen delivery due to obstruction of blood flow

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15
Q

Necrosis

A

Death of tissue/organ/part of organ due to irreversible damage (often due to Ischemia)

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16
Q

Tachycardia

A

Heart rate greater than 100bpm

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17
Q

Thrombosis

A

Clot in vessel

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18
Q

Endocarditits

A

Inflammation within the heart

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19
Q

Myocarditis

A

Inflammation of the heart muscle

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20
Q

Pericarditis

A

Inflammation of the heart sac

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21
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

Disease of the heart muscle

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22
Q

Coronary Vasodilators

A

Dilate veins, arteries, coronary arteries;

Nitroglycerin

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23
Q

Beta Blockers

A

Slow heart rate, lower blood pressure, reduce contraction strength;

Propranolol/Inderal

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24
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers

A

Slow heart rate, lower Blood Pressure;

Verapamil

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25
Q

Thrombolytic

A

Dissolve blood clots

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26
Q

ACE Inhibitors

A

Ease heart pumping, dilate arteries

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27
Q

Diuretics

A

Promote water excretion

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28
Q

Inotropic

A

Increase cardiac contractility

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29
Q

Coronary Bypass Surgery (CABG)

A

Take a vein from other source in body and bypass arterial blockage

  • Saphenous vein and mammary arteries commonly used as grafts
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30
Q

Thrombectomy

A

Surgical removal of a thrombus

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31
Q

Embolectomy

A

Surgical removal of an embolus

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32
Q

Endarterectomy

A

Surgical removal of the diseased portion of the lining of an artery

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33
Q

Valvuloplasty

A

Surgical reconstruction of a cardiac valve

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34
Q

Medications for Congestive Heart Failure

A
  • ACE Inhibitor
  • Diuretics
  • Cardiotonics
  • Vasoconstrictors
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35
Q

Medications for Hypertension (High BP)

A
  • Vasodilators
  • Diuretics
  • ACE Inhibitors
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36
Q

Medications for Angina (Chest Pain)

A
  • Nitrates
  • Beta Blockers
  • Calcium Channel Blockers
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37
Q

Medications for Rhythm Disorders

A
  • Beta Blockers

- Calcium Channel Blockers

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38
Q

Hypertension

A

High Blood Pressure

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39
Q

Hypotension

A

Low Blood Pressure

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40
Q

Essential (Primary) Hypertension

A

Occurs without any specific reason

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41
Q

Secondary Hypertension

A

Comes from secondary cause, such as high salt intake or a tumor

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42
Q

Risk Factors to Developing CVD (Cardiovascular Disease)

A
  • Poor Diet
  • Smoking
  • Lack of exercise
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43
Q

Arrhythmias

A

Abnormal rhythms of the heart

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44
Q

Atheroma

A

Plaque formation

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45
Q

Phlebitis

A

Inflammation of a vein

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46
Q

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

A

Caused by plaque buildup in the arteries which feed the heart muscle

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47
Q

Cardiac Arrest

A

Sudden stopping of the heart

“Asystole”

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48
Q

Congestive Heart Failure

A

Occurs when “pump” fails and blood backs up

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49
Q

Tropipin

A

Protein found in heart and tests of these can diagnose a myocardial infarction faster than most other lab tests

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50
Q

LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein)

A

Cholesterol that causes plaque buildup

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51
Q

HDL (High Density Lipoproteins)

A

Actually remove lipids from forming plaques, diminishes plaque buildup

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52
Q

Triglycerides

A

Lipid in blood that can plaque if too high

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53
Q

Angi(o)

A

Blood vessel

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54
Q

Aort(o)

A

Aorta

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55
Q

Arteri(o)

A

Artery

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56
Q

Ather(o)

A

Fatty matter

57
Q

Atri(o)

A

Atrium

58
Q

Cardi(o)

A

Heart

59
Q

Hemangi(o)

A

Blood vessel

60
Q

Pericardi(o)

A

Pericardium

61
Q

Phleb(o)

A

Vein

62
Q

Sphygm(o)

A

Pulse

63
Q

Thromb(o)

A

Blood clot

64
Q

Vas(o)

A

Blood vessel

65
Q

Ven(o)

A

Vein

66
Q

Aorta

A

Largest Artery in the body; exits the heart

67
Q

Aortic Valve

A

Between the Left Ventricle and Aorta

68
Q

Arteriole

A

Tiny artery connecting to capillaries

69
Q

Artery

A

Thick-walled vessel in systemic circulation, carries oxygen

70
Q

AV-node

A

Specialized part of the septum which conducts electrical signals

71
Q

Carbon Dioxide

A

Waste material transported in venous vessels

72
Q

Depolarization

A

Contracting state of myocardial tissue in hearts conducting system

73
Q

Endothelium

A

Inner lining of arteries

74
Q

Lumen

A

Channel inside an artery through which blood flows

75
Q

Myocardium

A

Muscular layer of heart

76
Q

Pacemaker

A

SA node; regulates heart rhythm

77
Q

Polarization

A

Resting state of myocardial tissue

78
Q

Repolarization

A

Recharging state

79
Q

Saphenous Vein

A

Vein in leg which drains blood from leg toward Vena Cava

80
Q

Venule

A

Small vein connecting to capillary and vein

81
Q

AF

A

Atrial Fibrillation

82
Q

AMI

A

Acute Myocardial Infarction (heart attack)

83
Q

AS

A

Aortic Stenosis

84
Q

AS CVD

A

Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

85
Q

AV

A

Atrioventricular

86
Q

BP

A

Blood Pressure

87
Q

CAD

A

Coronary Artery Disease

88
Q

CCU

A

Coronary Care Unit

89
Q

CHF

A

Congestive Heart Failure

90
Q

CO

A

Cardiac Output

91
Q

CFK

A

Creatine Phosphokinase

92
Q

CPR

A

Cardiopulmonary Recitation

93
Q

CVA

A

Cerebrovascular Accident

94
Q

DIC

A

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

95
Q

DVT

A

Deep Venous Thrombosis

96
Q

EKG

ECG

A

Electrocardiogram

97
Q

Blood Pressure

A

Hydrostatic Pressure

Systolic/Diastolic (Contraction/Relaxation)

98
Q

Pulse Pressure

A

Difference between systolic and diastolic

120/80 is a pulse pressure of 40

99
Q

Coronary Blood Supply

A

Blood circulation to the heart muscle made up of:

Right Coronary Artery
Left Coronary Artery, which branches to:
- Circumflex: wraps around
- Left Anterior Descending (LAD)

100
Q

Pulmonary Circuit

A
  1. ) From RV, deoxygenated blood carried by Pulmonary Artery to lungs
  2. ) Blood picks up oxygen, drops of carbon dioxide
  3. ) Oxygen rich blood carried by 4 Pulmonary Veins to LA
101
Q

Pulse

A

Created by muscular contraction of LV

102
Q

Systemic Circulation

A
  1. ) Aorta leaves LV, takes oxygenated blood to cells of body
  2. ) Arteries, carry away from heart to arterioles
  3. ) Arterioles to Capillaries
  4. ) Capillary exchange O2/CO2, transfer to Venules
  5. ) Venules to Veins then back to heart
103
Q

Carotid Artery

A

Supplies blood to the head, neck, and brain

104
Q

Femoral Artery

A

Supplies blood to the thigh and legs

105
Q

Renal Artery

A

Supplies blood to the kidneys

106
Q

Pericardium

A

Tissue that surrounds the heart muscle

107
Q

Septum

A

Divides the heart into right and left chambers

108
Q

Pulmonary Artery

A

Only artery that carries deoxygenated blood to the lung

109
Q

Pulmonary Vein

A

Highest O2 concentration from lung to heart

110
Q

Capillary

A

Smallest blood vessel and serve as a transfer station between arteries and veins

111
Q

Conduction System (Electrical flow of heart)

A
  1. ) SA-Node
  2. ) Atrial Chambers
  3. ) AV Node
  4. ) Bundle of HIS
  5. ) Right/Left Purkinje Fibers
  6. ) Ventricle Chambers
112
Q

Layers of Heart

A

Epicardium (Pericardium) - outermost layer
Myocardium - middle layer of muscle tissue (thickest)
Endocardium - inner layer (contiguous with valves)

113
Q

Order of Circulation

A
  1. ) Superior and Inferior Vena Cava (SVC - IVC)
  2. ) Right Atrium
  3. ) Tricuspid Valve
  4. ) Right Ventricle
  5. ) Semilunar Pulmonic Valve to Pulmonary Artery
  6. ) Lungs then back by Pulmonary Vein
  7. ) Left Atrium
  8. ) Mitral (Ventricle Bicuspid) Valve
  9. ) Left Ventricle
  10. ) Aortic Valve to the Aorta
114
Q

Contraction Phases

A

Polarization - Resting phase
Repolarization - Recharging phase
Depolarization - Contracting phase

115
Q

ECHO

A

Echocardiogram

116
Q

ETT

A

Exercise Tolerance Test

117
Q

LDH

A

Lactate Dehydrogenase

118
Q

MR

A

Mitral Regurgitation

119
Q

MUGA

A

“heart scan”

120
Q

PAC

A

Premature Atrial Contraction

121
Q

PVC

A

Premature Ventricle Contraction

122
Q

VT

A

Ventricular Tachycardia

123
Q

TPA

A

Tissue Plasminogen Activator

124
Q

Foramen Ovale

A

Opening in the septum between the Atria; allows blood flow from the Right to Left Atrium

125
Q

Ductus Arteriosus

A

Connection between pulmonary Artery and Aorta; Allows fetal oxygenated blood to bypass the “non-functioning” lungs

126
Q

Ductus Venosus

A

Connection between umbilical vein and fetus’ inferior vena cava; Allows fetal circulation to bypass fetal liver to go straight to the fetal heart

127
Q

Umbilical Cord

A

2 Arteries, 1 Vein

128
Q

Auscultation

A

Allowing you to listen to abnormal heart sounds; murmur, buit, gallop

129
Q

Sphymomanometer

A

Blood Pressure diagnostic

130
Q

EKG

A

Measures electrical flow through heart

131
Q

Stress Test

A

Adds exercise (stress) to EKG tracing, BP monitoring, pulse

  • Detects poor blood flow to the heart/abnormal heart function
132
Q

Holter Monitor

A

Portable, extended (24hr) continuous EKG

133
Q

Angiography

A

x-ray of arteries f the heart (angiogram)

134
Q

Arteriography

A

x-ray of specific artery (arteriogram)

135
Q

Aortography

A

x-ray of the Aorta

136
Q

Venography

A

x-ray of specific vein

137
Q

Ventriculogram

A

x-ray of one or both ventricle

138
Q

Doppler Ultrasound

A

Measures blood flow in certain blood vessels

139
Q

PTCA

A

Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty

  • Balloon catheter is inserted into a blocked blood vessel to increase the blood flow of that vessel

Medical Terminology (20 decks)

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