Chapter 9 part 3

Question 1

Define angina

Answer 1

Chest pain from partial obstruction of arteries

Question 2

Define CHD

Answer 2

Blockage of arteries to heart

Question 3

Define atherosclerosis

Answer 3

Fatty substance build up in vessels causing obstruction

Question 4

Define myocardial infection

Answer 4

death of heart tissue when specific artery becomes completely clogged with plaque

Question 5

What is a type A behaviour pattern

Answer 5

cluster of behaviours including excessive competitiveness, time pressured impatience, accelerated speech, anger; thought to promote high risk of heart disease

Question 6

What is a type B behaviour pattern

Answer 6

cluster of behaviours including relaxed attitude, indifference to time pressure, less forceful ambition; thought to cause low risk of heart disease

Question 7

is it easy to clearly distinguish between Type A and B behaviour patterns?

Answer 7

No

Question 8

Define pain

Answer 8

Subjective experience of discomfort

Question 9

Define Pain behaviours

Answer 9

Overt manifestations from experiencing pain

Question 10

Define suffering

Answer 10

Emotional component of pain

Question 11

Does severity of pain predict reaction to it?

Answer 11

NO

Question 12

What are two psychological factors that predict reaction to pain

Answer 12

1. Sense of control over the situation

2. Presence of anxiety/ depression

Question 13

How can fear of pain lead to chronic pain?

Answer 13

People go down path where they avoid activities that could cause pain, leading to long-term worsening of chronic pain

Question 14

Define pain catastrophizing

Answer 14

An exaggerated negative response during actual or anticipated painful experience

Question 15

Define Pain Disability Prevention

Answer 15

Cognitive behaviour program designed to increase goal-directed activity and minimize psychological barriers after an occupational injury - high success rate

Question 16

How is phantom limb pain caused?

Answer 16

Caused by changes in the sensory cortex

Question 17

What are social factors that can aggravate chronic pain

Answer 17

Families with excessive sympathy,

Lack of strong social network

Question 18

Define the Gate Control Theory

Answer 18

Gates exist in the spinal cord that transmit a stimulus of pain only if it meets a sufficient threshold of pain. In stressed people, the threshold for pain is lower, so they experience higher intensity of pain

Question 19

Define endogenous opioids

Answer 19

Also known as endorphins, they are neurotransmitters used by the brain to shut down pain.

Question 20

What is the connection between Endogenous opioids/ endorphins and self-efficacy?

Answer 20

Endogenous opioids/ endorphins are increased in people with increased self-efficacy