Chapter 13 part 2

Question 1

Define brief psychotic disorder

Answer 1

i. Presence of one or more positive symptoms for less than a month

Question 2

Define Attenuated psychosis syndrome

Answer 2

i. Involves onset of psychotic symptoms, and puts person at high risk of developing schizo

Question 3

Define Schizotypal personality disorder

Answer 3

i. Less severe symptoms of schizo, but they are personality traits

Question 4

What percentage of population has schizophrenia, regardless of culture?

Answer 4

1%

Question 5

What are schizo stats for both men and women?

Answer 5

b. The older men get, the less vulnerable they get, while the opposite is true for women

Question 6

What are childhood clinical features of schizo?

Answer 6

i. Mild cognitive and social problems, abnormalities and poor motor control

Question 7

Define prodermal stage?

Answer 7

i. Period during which some symptoms appear before development of full symptoms
ii. One to two year duration

Question 8

What are the chances of getting schizo is you are a family member? Twin?

Answer 8

a. Family members are at higher risk of developing schizo if member of the family has schizo
1. Even when the child is adopted, if the parents were schizo, they have higher likelihood of developing it
b. Identical twin has a 50% chance of getting schizo

Question 9

What does quantitative trait loci mean?

Answer 9

1. Schizo involves more than one gene

Question 10

Connection of smooth eye pursuit to schizo

Answer 10

i. Smooth pursuit eye movement is downgraded in schizo

Question 11

What two neurotransmitters are involved in schizo?

Answer 11

a. Dopamine
i. Dopamine system too active in schizo
ii. Neuroleptics that downgrade dopamine help people with schizo
iii. Conversely, increasing dopamine in schizo patients makes it worse
iv. Strong evidence that schizo caused by excessive stimulation of D2 receptors and under-stimualtion of D1 receptors
b. Glutamate
i. Alterations in prefrontal activity involving glutamate transmission
1. Deficit in glutatmate/ blocking receptors may cause the problem

Question 12

what are two aspects of brain structure in schizo?

Answer 12

i. Enlargement of ventricles in most schizo patients
1. Seen more in men
ii. Hypofrontality
1. Low function levels in frontal lobes for schizo

Question 13

How can viral infection be linked to schizo?

Answer 13

i. Could actually be caused by a virus

ii. May be caused by exposure to influenza during pregnancy

Question 14

What are two stress hypotheses for schizo

Answer 14

i. Sociogenic hypothesis
1. Low social class is stressful, causing increased likelihood of schizo
ii. Social selection hypothesis
1. Schizo inability to hold job spirals them down to lower classes

Question 15

Define expressed emotion

Answer 15

1. The hostility, criticism, and over-involvement demonstrated by some families toward a member who has a psychological disorder can contribute to patient relapse
2. EE can be high or low

Question 16

What symptoms do neuroleptics impact?

Answer 16

positive symptoms

Question 17

What are extrapyrimidal effects of neuroleptics

Answer 17

a. Pakinsonia symptoms
b. Akinesia
i. Expressionless face (most common)
c. Tardive dyskinesia
i. Involuntary movements of the face
ii. Irreversible, 20-50% of all patients

Question 18

What is clozapine?

Answer 18

A neuroleptic used to treat schizo

Question 19

What the key elements of early intervention?

Answer 19

a. Reduction of duration of untreated psychosis
b. Assessment and contact of care, building a therapeutic alliance
c. Family engagement and support
d. Comprehensive, individualized treatment
e. Prolonged engagement to sustain gains

Question 20

What are the three general types of treatment mentioned in the slides

Answer 20

1. Indiviual, group, and family therapy
2. Social skills training
3. Medications

Question 21

What are three ways to prevent schizo

Answer 21

a. Identifying and treating children who may be at risk later in life
b. Avoidance of environmental influences that may trigger
c. Treatment at the prodermal stage