Chapter 1

Question 1

What are three ways to define abnormal behaviour?

Answer 1

1. Psychological dysfunction
2. Distress or impairment
3. Atypical cultural response

Question 2

Define presenting problem

Answer 2

i. One first noted as the reason for coming to a clinical setting

Question 3

Define specificity

Answer 3

i. What makes a disorder different from normal behaviour and other disorders

Question 4

Define Course of abnormal behaviour

Answer 4

i. The pattern of the disorder in time; it can be described as chronic, episodic, or time limited. Related to prognosis.

Question 5

Define acute onset

Answer 5

`i. Disorders that begin suddenly

Question 6

Define insidious onset

Answer 6

i. Disorders that develop gradually over time

Question 7

Define etiology

Answer 7

i. Factors or dimensions that cause psychological disorders

Question 8

What were three deemed causes of mental illness in the supernatural tradition (middle ages?)

Answer 8

1. Demons
2. Melancholy
3. Movement of the moon

Question 9

What did Hippocrates add to the biological tradition of psychopathology

Answer 9

1. hysteria (wandering uterus) was seen as hereditary

Question 10

What did Galen add to the biological tradition of psychopathology

Answer 10

1. Humoral theory (imbalance of blood, black/yellow bile, phlegm) – chemical imbalances

Question 11

What did john Grey and Dorthea Dix do?

Answer 11

1. Campaigned that treatment of mental illness should parallel treatment of physical illness
2. Resulted in improvements in institutionalized treatment of mental illness

Question 12

What did Galen add to the biological tradition of psychopathology

Answer 12

Introduced new classification system of diagnosis.

Focused on describing different disorders based on symptoms

Question 13

Define moral therapy

Answer 13

1. Treat patients in as normal a setting as possible that reinforces normal behaviour and social interaction

Question 14

Define catharsis

Answer 14

a. Recalling emotional trauma and relieving the tension through therapeutic trauma

Question 15

what are the three parts of psychoanalytic theory

Answer 15

a. The structure of the mind
b. Defense mech
c. Stages of early psychosexual development

Question 16

Define humanistic theory

Answer 16

1. Self-actualization: all people desire to become their best self
2. Person-centered therapy
3. Believes man is basically good

Question 17

Define the behavioural model

Answer 17

Includes the different types of conditioning and their applications

Question 18

Define stimulus generalization

Answer 18

i. In context of classical conditioning, response generalizes to similar stimuli

Question 19

Define extinction in context of classical conditioning

Answer 19

i. When patient learns that neutral stimulus doesn’t bring unconditioned stimulus

Question 20

Define operant conditioning

Answer 20

a. Learning what occurs when responses are modified as a consequence of the response

Question 21

Define systematic desensitization

Answer 21

i. Gradually introduced to items that were feared/ imagine feared scenario

Question 22

Define shaping in context of conditioning

Answer 22

a. Reinforcing successive approximations to get a final complex behaviour

Question 23

Define cognitive behavioral therapy

Answer 23

1. Aaron Beck
2. Psychological problems occur because of schemas that are highly critical of self
3. The maladptive thoughts affect behaviour and emotion, and these in turn reinforce the negative schemas

Question 24

Define defense mechanisms

Answer 24

a. Unconscious protective processes that keep primitive emotions associated with conflict in check so ego can maintain control

Question 25

Define psychoanalytic psychotherapy

Answer 25

1. Use of free association
2. Dream analysis
3. Psychoanalyst seeks to being about transference