Chapter 7 part 2

Question 1

Define bipolar I disorder

Answer 1

Major depressive episodes alternate with full manic episodes

Question 2

Define bipolar II disorder

Answer 2

Major depressive episodes alternate with hypomanic episodes

Question 3

Define cyclothymic disorders

Answer 3

A milder but more chronic form of bipolar disorder. Tend to be in mood state or the other for years.

Question 4

Define rapid-cycling specifier

Answer 4

Moving quickly in and out of depressive and manic modes, very resistant to treatment

Question 5

What is the age of onset for Bipolar I disorder? Bipolar II?

Answer 5

18, 22

Question 6

After what age is it rare to develop bipolar disorder?

Answer 6

40

Question 7

What is the prevalence of mood disorders?

Answer 7

16% of world has experienced major depressive disorder, 6% in the last year

Question 8

How do mood disorders affect children?

Answer 8

Occur less frequently in children than adults, but rises quickly in adolescence

Question 9

At what point in life does depression become balanced among the genders?

Answer 9

65

Question 10

What can be said about the genetics for mania and depression

Answer 10

Genetics for mania are distinct from those for depression

Question 11

What two different mental issues are closely related to depression?

Answer 11

Anxiety and panic

Question 12

What are two possible neurotransmitters that could be implicated in depression?

Answer 12

Dopamine and Serotonin

Question 13

What is the Dexamethasone Suppression test?

Answer 13

A biological test for depression

- suppreses cortisol excretion, but little difference will be seen in depressed people, because levels are already low

Question 14

Define neurohormones

Answer 14

Hormones that affect the brain

Question 15

What are some characteristics of sleep in depressed people?

Answer 15

• shorter period before REM sleep starts
• slow wave sleep doesn’t start till later
• depriving depressed people of sleep in second half of night temporarily improves their condition

Question 16

What percentage of depression may be due to psychological aspects?

Answer 16

60-80%

Question 17

How does the gene - correlation model fit into depression?

Answer 17

people have a genetic predisposition to seek out scenarios that are likely to make them feel depressed

Question 18

Define the learned helplessness theory of depression

Answer 18

People become depressed when they believe that they have no control over their lives

Question 19

What are the three types of learned helplessness

Answer 19

1. Internal: negative events attributed to personal failings
2. Stable: after negative event passes, attribution to self being at fault remains
3. Global: attributions extend across wide variety of issues

Question 20

What is the cogntive triad of depression

Answer 20

Thinking negatively about the world in three ways:

1. Oneself
2. The immediate world
3. The future