Chapter 7 part 2 Flashcards
Define bipolar I disorder
Major depressive episodes alternate with full manic episodes
Define bipolar II disorder
Major depressive episodes alternate with hypomanic episodes
Define cyclothymic disorders
A milder but more chronic form of bipolar disorder. Tend to be in mood state or the other for years.
Define rapid-cycling specifier
Moving quickly in and out of depressive and manic modes, very resistant to treatment
What is the age of onset for Bipolar I disorder? Bipolar II?
18, 22
After what age is it rare to develop bipolar disorder?
40
What is the prevalence of mood disorders?
16% of world has experienced major depressive disorder, 6% in the last year
How do mood disorders affect children?
Occur less frequently in children than adults, but rises quickly in adolescence
At what point in life does depression become balanced among the genders?
65
What can be said about the genetics for mania and depression
Genetics for mania are distinct from those for depression
What two different mental issues are closely related to depression?
Anxiety and panic
What are two possible neurotransmitters that could be implicated in depression?
Dopamine and Serotonin
What is the Dexamethasone Suppression test?
A biological test for depression
- suppreses cortisol excretion, but little difference will be seen in depressed people, because levels are already low
Define neurohormones
Hormones that affect the brain
What are some characteristics of sleep in depressed people?
- shorter period before REM sleep starts
- slow wave sleep doesn’t start till later
- depriving depressed people of sleep in second half of night temporarily improves their condition
What percentage of depression may be due to psychological aspects?
60-80%
How does the gene - correlation model fit into depression?
people have a genetic predisposition to seek out scenarios that are likely to make them feel depressed
Define the learned helplessness theory of depression
People become depressed when they believe that they have no control over their lives
What are the three types of learned helplessness
- Internal: negative events attributed to personal failings
- Stable: after negative event passes, attribution to self being at fault remains
- Global: attributions extend across wide variety of issues
What is the cogntive triad of depression
Thinking negatively about the world in three ways:
- Oneself
- The immediate world
- The future
