Chapter 9: Muscle System Flashcards
What facial muscles are involved in smiling?
Zygomaticus major and minor muscles
What facial muscle is involved in frowning?
Depressor anguli oris
What are the muscles involved in respiration?
Diaphragm and internal and external intercostals
How do the pectoralis muscles affect the shoulder or arm?
The pectoralis major is a synergist that adducts the arm at the shoulder
What are the pectoralismajor and the deltoid in relation to eachother?
They are antagonists
What does the deltoid do?
Abducts the arm
What muscles adduct the thigh?
The adductor longus, brevis and magnus as well as the gracilis
What are the 4 quad muscles?
The rectus femoris, the vastus lateralis, intermedius and medialis
What are the 3 hamstring muscles?
Semitendonosus, semi membranosus and biceps femoris
How does the gastrocnemius affect the lag and foot?
It induces hip flexion,knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion
How does the soleus affect the leg and foot?
It is opposite of gastrocnemius and acts as a knee extensor and an ankle plantar flexor
What are the 5 muscle shapes?
Parallel, convergent and pennate circular and fusiform
What’s the longest muscle in the body?
Sartorius parallel
What is a fascicle?
A group of fibers
What covers a fascicle?
The perimysium
What does the endomysium cover?
Fibers
What are sphincters?
Circular arrangements that surround body openings
What do synergists do?
They aid agonists by adding force
What do antagonists do?
They allow for modulation and control of agonists
What do agonists do?
They provide the most force for given actions
What do fixators do?
They keep muscles grounded
Difference between origin and insertion points
Origin is the anchoring point of the muscle and insertion is the moving point
Where is the levator anguli oris found?
Around the mouth
What is the buccinator used for?
Chewing
What does the platysma do?
Pulls the chin down
What muscles are involved in eating, drinking and speaking?
The orbicularis oris and the depressor labii inferioris
What does the frontalis and the epicranial aponeurosis do?
Raises the eyebrows and forehead
What does the corrugator supercili do?
Closes the eyes
How many muscles does each eye have?
6
What does rectus mean?
Straight
What muscles elevate the mandible for biting and chewing?
Temporalis and masseter
What is the sternocleidomastoid made of?
The sternum, clavicle and mastoid
What is the antagonist to the abdominal muscle?
The erector spinae
What is the linea alba?
The line of connective tissue that divides the left and right rectus abdominus muscles
Difference between external urethral and anal sphincters?
Urination and defecation
What is the agonist of adduction?
Latissimus dorsi
What muscle flexes the hand?
The flexor carpi ulnaris
What abducts the thigh and medially rotates the thighs and pelvis while walking?
The gluteus minimus
What does the soleus help in?
Climbing the stairs
What is the main muscle also called?
Agonist
What muscle forces oppose each other?
Synergists and antagonist
Explain the biceps brachial, brachialis ans triceps brachii in terms of forces?
Synergist - biceps brachii
Agonist - brachialis
Antagonist - triceps brachii
What forces are the lats and pecs?
Synergists
What are the gluteus types?
Maximus, medius and minimus
What type of glute abducts the thigh and medially rotates while walking?
Minimus
What’s hard to do when hamstrings hurt?
Walk and run
