Chapter 3: 3.1 - 3.3

Question 1

What is the main component of cytosol?

Answer 1

Water

Question 2

What are molecular machines in the cell known as?

Answer 2

Organelles

Question 3

Why is difussion/osmosis necessary?

Answer 3

For certain substances to cross the plasma membrane

Question 4

When does passing of substances through the phospholipid bilayer not require energy?

Answer 4

Passive transport mechanisms

Question 5

When do phospholipid bilayer passages require energy?

Answer 5

Active transport processes

Question 6

What is osmosis?

Answer 6

A passive transport process in which a solvent, basically always water moves across membrane through an aquaporin channel and moves from an area with lower concentration of solute across the membrane to an area with higher concentration of solute

Question 7

What’s simple diffusion?

Answer 7

This is when mostly small nom polar solutes like oxygen, carbon dioxide, lipids and hydrocarbons pass through the phospholipid belayer without a membrane protein. No energy is needed for this

Question 8

What’s facilitated diffusion?

Answer 8

This is when charged or polar solutes like ions and glucose cross the phospholipid belayer with the use of a membrane protein carrier or channel and no energy needed

Question 9

What is the direction of diffusion?

Answer 9

High to low concentration

Question 10

What is the major difference between diffusion and osmosis?

Answer 10

Osmosis requires a membrane, diffusion doesn’t osmosis is reversible, diffusion is not and solute movement in diffusion can be predicted by fick’s diffusion law, but solvent movement in osmosis can’t

Question 11

What kind of membrane transport is used for carbon dioxide?

Answer 11

Simple diffusion

Question 12

What kind of membrane transport is used for sodium?

Answer 12

Possibly facilitated diffusion, need to double check

Question 13

What kind of membrane transport is used for water?

Answer 13

Osmosis

Question 14

What is isotonic solution?

Answer 14

This is when ECF is isotonic to cytosol and both have around the same concentration of solute

Question 15

What is hypertonic solution?

Answer 15

When ECF has high solute concentration

Question 16

What type of tonic solution pulls water out of the cell and causes cell crenation?

Answer 16

Hypertonic

Question 17

What is hypotonic solution?

Answer 17

When ECF has low solute concentration

Question 18

What kind of tonic solution is when water is pulled into the cell causing swelling?

Answer 18

Hypotonic

Question 19

What is active transport?

Answer 19

This is the transport process that requires energy to proceed as solutes move against concentration gradients

Question 20

What do both primary and secondary active transport processes use?

Answer 20

Pumps

Question 21

What types of vesicles are used for secondary active transport?

Answer 21

Endocytosis and exocytosis

Question 22

What vesicles are used for primary active transport?

Answer 22

Sodium/potassium pump

Question 23

What vesicles are used for phagocytosis?

Answer 23

Phagosomes

Question 24

What is phagocytosis typically called?

Answer 24

Cell eating

Question 25

What is the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis?

Answer 25

Endocytosis is when fluid molecules are taken into the cell, broken into phagocytosis and pinocytosis while exocytosis is when large molecules exit the cell

Question 26

What’s fluid mosaic model?

Answer 26

Phospholipid bilayer that is dynamic and embedded with proteins sugars and phospholipids
.

Question 27

Even through energy and protein isn’t needed for diffusion what is?

Answer 27

Concentration gradient

Question 28

What are the ways water can get in?

Answer 28

By itself or by aquaporin channel

Question 29

Difference between and similarity between pinocytosis and phagocytosis?)

Answer 29

Pinocytosis is bringing in liquids, phagocytosis is bringing in substances, both need energy