Chapter 3: 3.1 - 3.3 Flashcards
What is the main component of cytosol?
Water
What are molecular machines in the cell known as?
Organelles
Why is difussion/osmosis necessary?
For certain substances to cross the plasma membrane
When does passing of substances through the phospholipid bilayer not require energy?
Passive transport mechanisms
When do phospholipid bilayer passages require energy?
Active transport processes
What is osmosis?
A passive transport process in which a solvent, basically always water moves across membrane through an aquaporin channel and moves from an area with lower concentration of solute across the membrane to an area with higher concentration of solute
What’s simple diffusion?
This is when mostly small nom polar solutes like oxygen, carbon dioxide, lipids and hydrocarbons pass through the phospholipid belayer without a membrane protein. No energy is needed for this
What’s facilitated diffusion?
This is when charged or polar solutes like ions and glucose cross the phospholipid belayer with the use of a membrane protein carrier or channel and no energy needed
What is the direction of diffusion?
High to low concentration
What is the major difference between diffusion and osmosis?
Osmosis requires a membrane, diffusion doesn’t osmosis is reversible, diffusion is not and solute movement in diffusion can be predicted by fick’s diffusion law, but solvent movement in osmosis can’t
What kind of membrane transport is used for carbon dioxide?
Simple diffusion
What kind of membrane transport is used for sodium?
Possibly facilitated diffusion, need to double check
What kind of membrane transport is used for water?
Osmosis
What is isotonic solution?
This is when ECF is isotonic to cytosol and both have around the same concentration of solute
What is hypertonic solution?
When ECF has high solute concentration
What type of tonic solution pulls water out of the cell and causes cell crenation?
Hypertonic
What is hypotonic solution?
When ECF has low solute concentration
What kind of tonic solution is when water is pulled into the cell causing swelling?
Hypotonic
What is active transport?
This is the transport process that requires energy to proceed as solutes move against concentration gradients
What do both primary and secondary active transport processes use?
Pumps
What types of vesicles are used for secondary active transport?
Endocytosis and exocytosis
What vesicles are used for primary active transport?
Sodium/potassium pump
What vesicles are used for phagocytosis?
Phagosomes
What is phagocytosis typically called?
Cell eating
What is the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis?
Endocytosis is when fluid molecules are taken into the cell, broken into phagocytosis and pinocytosis while exocytosis is when large molecules exit the cell
What’s fluid mosaic model?
Phospholipid bilayer that is dynamic and embedded with proteins sugars and phospholipids
.
Even through energy and protein isn’t needed for diffusion what is?
Concentration gradient
What are the ways water can get in?
By itself or by aquaporin channel
Difference between and similarity between pinocytosis and phagocytosis?)
Pinocytosis is bringing in liquids, phagocytosis is bringing in substances, both need energy
