Chapter 3: 3.4-3.8: Mitosis, DNA, and Organelles

Question 1

What are the 3 main components of the animal cell? (ICF)

Answer 1

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus

Question 2

What are some examples of cytoplasmic organelles?

Answer 2

Mitochondria, peroxisomes and ribosomes

Question 3

What are 5 main components of the endomembrare system.

Answer 3

Plasma membrane, nuclear envelope ,Golgi apparatus and encloplasmic reticulum lysosomes

Question 4

What are the forms of endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 4

Smooth and rough ER

Question 5

What is the difference between rough and smooth ER?

Answer 5

Rough has ribosomes attached to membrane but smooth has no ribosomes and aren’t involved in protein synthesis rather involved in making lipids

Question 6

What are lysosomes?

Answer 6

These are organelles responsible for digestion of worn out cells or cellular components which contain digestive enzymes

Question 7

What is the difference between flagella and cilia?

Answer 7

Flagella is a lash-like appendage that is longer than cilia they are found on sperm cells and propel entire cell, while cilia are hair-like slender protuberances that propel substances past cells

Question 8

Where is DNA present?

Answer 8

In chromosomes and chromatin

Question 9

What is the process in cell division between chromatin and chromosome?

Answer 9

During cell divisions, chromatin threads coil lightly and condense into chromosomes

Question 10

What are the DNA bases?

Answer 10

GCAT when G goes to C, A goes to T and vice verse

Question 11

What are the RNA bases?

Answer 11

The RNA bases are GCAU in which G goes to C while A goes to U and vice Versa

Question 12

What is found on DNA to make a trait found or genes?

Answer 12

Triplet codes

Question 13

What does the mRNA do?

Answer 13

It leaves the nucleus and goes into the cytosol to make protein

Question 14

What are the main phases of the cell cycles

Answer 14

Interphase and m-phase (cell division)

Question 15

What are the two overlapping processes of the m-phase?

Answer 15

Mitosis and cytokinesis

Question 16

What does the 3 subphases in interphase include?

Answer 16

G1 phase. S-phase and G2 phase

Question 17

What are the processes of mitosis?

Answer 17

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase

Question 18

What is mitosis?

Answer 18

This is when newly replicated genetic material is divided between two daughter cells

Question 19

What is cytokinesis?

Answer 19

This is when the cell’s proteins, organelles and cytosol are divided between 2 daughter cells, ending with 46 chromosomes

Question 20

What happens in prophase?

Answer 20

This is when the chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, The nuclear envelope breaks down and spindle fibers begin to form

Question 21

What happens in metaphase?

Answer 21

This is The second and longest stage, when spindle fibers from opposite sides of the cell pull sister chromatids into a line along the middle of the cell

Question 22

What happens in the anaphase?

Answer 22

This is when sister chromatids are pulled towards opposite poles as microfibers shorten and each new cell has 46 chromosomes

Question 23

What are individual cells called in anaphase?

Answer 23

Daughter cells

Question 24

What stage is it possible for cytokinesis to begin?

Answer 24

Anaphase

Question 25

What happens in telephone?

Answer 25

Nuclear envelope is reassembled, nucleoli reappear and chromosomes uncoil, becoming chromatin

Question 26

What is apoptosis?

Answer 26

This is what happens when cells pass though checkpoints and can’t be repaired

Question 27

What happens when changes in DNA of cell cycle lose control?

Answer 27

Cell division results and these cells may form a growth or mass called a tumor

Question 28

What is a benign tumor?

Answer 28

This is a tumor confined to an original location that may grow extremely large and doesn’t invade surrounding tissues

Question 29

What is a malignant tumor?

Answer 29

This is a tumor that grows and the cells divide indefinitely

Question 30

What is renal cell carcinoma?

Answer 30

Kidney cancer cells

Question 31

What is metastasis?

Answer 31

This is when cancer cells spread into other tissues, which can cause widespread tissue destruction and even death

Question 32

What are some basic processes common to all cell types?

Answer 32

Cell metabolism, communication, reproduction

Question 33

Anabolic vs. Catabolic reactions

Answer 33

Anabolic is building reactions and catabolic is breaking down reactions

Question 34

What are the molecular machines of the cell?

Answer 34

Organelles

Question 35

What are the 3 types of long protein filaments in the cytoskeleton?

Answer 35

Actin, intermediate and microtubules

Question 36

Where happens in transcription?

Answer 36

Gene for specific protein is copied, creating messenger RNA

Question 37

Where does translation occur?

Answer 37

In the cytosol

Question 38

What is The process from DNA to protein?

Answer 38

DNA to transcription to messenger RNA to translation to protein

Question 39

The process through which mRNA is made is called?

Answer 39

Transcription

Question 40

What changes in S phase in terms of number of chromosome?

Answer 40

Goes from 46 to 92 chromosomes

Question 41

What phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Answer 41

S phase

Question 42

Similarity between RER and ser??

Answer 42

Both attached to nucleus

Question 43

What does Golgi (UPS) de?

Answer 43

Modify, sorts and packages proteins

Question 44

What do codons and anticodons do?

Answer 44

Make proteins, and a codon is an mRNA, 3 bases

Question 45

mRNA is what? DNA is what?

Answer 45

Single and double

Question 46

What is apoptosis also called?

Answer 46

Programmed cell death