Chapter 4: 4.1.4.5 : Introduction To Tissues Flashcards
What’s histology?
Study of tissues
What is the free surface on the tissue called?
Apical surface
What are the epithelia cell types by layer?
Simple epithelia with a single cell layer and stratified with more than one cell layer
What are The types of epithelia tissue by shape?
Squamous cells which are flattened, cuboidal cells which are short and columnar cells which are tall and elongated
What are simple epithelial tissue used for?
The transportation of substances between different tissues (diffusion) can also be used for absorption and secretion
What are stratified epithelium used for mostly?
Protection
What is simple squamous epithelial vs. Stratified squamous?
Simple squamous for rapid diffusion of substances eg. Oxygen. Carbon dioxide, fluids, ions and stratified squamous for protection
Describe keratinized stratified squamous epithelial. (Dead epithelial keratinized cells)
Apical layers are dead, lack nuclei, filled with keratin and well adapted for outer layers of skin
Present in hair, skin and nails
Describe nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelial?
Apical nuclei layers are alive, area must stay moist. Found in mouth throat esophagus, anus and vagina
Simple vs. Stratified cuboid
Simple cuboid - absorption and secretion
Stratified cuboid - protection
Simple vs. Stratified columnar
Simple- absorption, secretion of mucus and other substances
Stratified - protection , some absorption and secretion
What’s pseudo stratified columnar epithelium?
Appears layered because nuclei at various heights, the goblet cells are the cause for this. Only one-cell layer thick and found in segments of respiratory tract, ciliate
Transitional epithelium
Found only in urinary bladder, apical cells flatten allowing tissues to stretch
What’s the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?
Endocrine glands secrete products, usually hormones into bloodstream directly without use of ducts while exocrine releases products onto apical surfaces of epithelium and uses ducts
Where are goblet cells seen?
In both digestive and respiratory tract, secretes mucus ciliated pseudostratified epithelial
What are the basic groups of connective tissue?
Connective tissue proper and specialized connective tissue
What are the function of connective tissue?
Connecting and binding, support protection transport
What are the cells of connective tissue proper?
Fibroblasts, adiopocytes, mast cells, phagocytes and other immune system cells
What are adipocytes?
Fat cells filled with large lipid inclusion
What are the largest resident cells?
Mast calls
What are 4 types of connective tissue proper?
Loose connective tissue, dense connective tissue, reticular tissue and adipose tissue
Where is loose /areolar connective tissue found?
In membranes lining body cavities and within walls of hollow organs.
What are the 3 dense connective tissue type?
Dense irregular,
Dense regular
Dense regular elastic
What is difference between tendon and ligament?
Tendon is muscle to bone
Ligament is bone to bone
Where is reticular tissue found?
Lymph nodes, spleen and bone marrow
What is the function of adipose tissue?
Fat storage, insulation, shock absorption
What is the major energy reserve in the body?
Adipose
What are the 3 types of specialized connective tissue?
Cartilage, blood and bone
What are lacuna?
The clear area around chondrocytes for protection
What are chondrocytes?
The cells of cartilage
What are osteocytes?
Cells of the bone
The the 3 classes of cartilage?
Hyaline, fibrocartlage and elastic cartilage
What are the 3 components of bone?
Osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts
What’s the difference between osteoclast and osteoblasts?
Osteoclasts destroys bone
Ostablasts makes bone
What is The components of blood?
Plasma proteins
Erythrocytes ( red blood cells)
Leukocytes (white)
Platelet (thrombocytes)
What is the muscle cell?
Myocyte
What are the 3 types of muscle?
Skeletal, cardiac and smooth
What’s something the skeletal and cardiac muscles have in common?
They are striated
What kind of movement does the skeletal muscle have?
Voluntary
What kind of movement does the cardiac muscle have?
Involuntary
What’s the special feature of cardiac muscle tissue?
Intercalated discs
What kind of movement does smooth muscle have?
Involuntary
Where’s smooth tissue?
In nearly every hollow organ, blood vessels, eyes, skin and ducts of certain glands
How many nucleus for smooth?
Uninucleated
What are the 2 main cell types of nervous tissue?
Neurons and neuroglial cells
What are the 3 main components of neurons?
Soma, axon and dendrites
What do neurons do?
Generate, conduct, and receive electrical messages
What do neuroglial cells do?
Support the activity of neurons
What are the cells of loose connective tissue called?
Fibroblasts
What does loose connective tissue do?
Binds the muscle to the dermis
Where is fibrocartilage found?
In intervertebral discs
Where is hyaline cartilage found?
At the end of bones
Where is elastic cartilage found?
Ears
What does skeletal and cardiac muscle have that smooth muscle doesn’t?
Striations
What does skeletal muscle do?
Binds to the bone for movement
What are red blood cells used for?
Binding and transport of oxygen throughout the body
What are white blood cells used for?
Immunity
What are platelets used for?
Blood clotting
What fills goblet cells?
Mucus
What does the ciliated pseudo stratified epithelial tissue do?
It pushes mucus out of the throat
What do osteocytes turn into?
Osteoblasts
What is inside the glands in the epithelial tissue?
Saliva, sweat, hormones, enzymes, breast milk
What do merocrine glands secrete?
Mostly saliva and sweat
What are holocrine glands used by to secrete?
Sebaceous glands to secrete sebum
What are apocrine glands used to secrete?
Milk from the mammary glands
Where can simple columnar tissue be found?
GI tract or stomach
Where is smooth muscle tissues found?
In vessels, also in digestive and cardiac systems
Where can dermis irregular connective tissue be found?
Dermis
Where is simple columnar epithelial found?
GI tract, stomach
Where is stratified columnar tissue found?
Ducts of certain glands, conjunctiva
Where is simple cuboidal epithelial tissue found?
found in instetines
Where is stratified cuboidal epithelial tissue found?
Ducts of sweat glands
Where is simple squamous found?
Lungs and blood vessels
Where’s pseudo stratified tissue found?
Throat, respiratory and digestive tract
