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Anatomy And Physiology > Chapter 4: 4.1.4.5 : Introduction To Tissues > Flashcards

Chapter 4: 4.1.4.5 : Introduction To Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What’s histology?

A

Study of tissues

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2
Q

What is the free surface on the tissue called?

A

Apical surface

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3
Q

What are the epithelia cell types by layer?

A

Simple epithelia with a single cell layer and stratified with more than one cell layer

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4
Q

What are The types of epithelia tissue by shape?

A

Squamous cells which are flattened, cuboidal cells which are short and columnar cells which are tall and elongated

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5
Q

What are simple epithelial tissue used for?

A

The transportation of substances between different tissues (diffusion) can also be used for absorption and secretion

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6
Q

What are stratified epithelium used for mostly?

A

Protection

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7
Q

What is simple squamous epithelial vs. Stratified squamous?

A

Simple squamous for rapid diffusion of substances eg. Oxygen. Carbon dioxide, fluids, ions and stratified squamous for protection

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8
Q

Describe keratinized stratified squamous epithelial. (Dead epithelial keratinized cells)

A

Apical layers are dead, lack nuclei, filled with keratin and well adapted for outer layers of skin
Present in hair, skin and nails

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9
Q

Describe nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelial?

A

Apical nuclei layers are alive, area must stay moist. Found in mouth throat esophagus, anus and vagina

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10
Q

Simple vs. Stratified cuboid

A

Simple cuboid - absorption and secretion
Stratified cuboid - protection

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11
Q

Simple vs. Stratified columnar

A

Simple- absorption, secretion of mucus and other substances
Stratified - protection , some absorption and secretion

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12
Q

What’s pseudo stratified columnar epithelium?

A

Appears layered because nuclei at various heights, the goblet cells are the cause for this. Only one-cell layer thick and found in segments of respiratory tract, ciliate

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13
Q

Transitional epithelium

A

Found only in urinary bladder, apical cells flatten allowing tissues to stretch

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14
Q

What’s the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

A

Endocrine glands secrete products, usually hormones into bloodstream directly without use of ducts while exocrine releases products onto apical surfaces of epithelium and uses ducts

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15
Q

Where are goblet cells seen?

A

In both digestive and respiratory tract, secretes mucus ciliated pseudostratified epithelial

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16
Q

What are the basic groups of connective tissue?

A

Connective tissue proper and specialized connective tissue

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17
Q

What are the function of connective tissue?

A

Connecting and binding, support protection transport

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18
Q

What are the cells of connective tissue proper?

A

Fibroblasts, adiopocytes, mast cells, phagocytes and other immune system cells

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19
Q

What are adipocytes?

A

Fat cells filled with large lipid inclusion

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20
Q

What are the largest resident cells?

A

Mast calls

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21
Q

What are 4 types of connective tissue proper?

A

Loose connective tissue, dense connective tissue, reticular tissue and adipose tissue

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22
Q

Where is loose /areolar connective tissue found?

A

In membranes lining body cavities and within walls of hollow organs.

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23
Q

What are the 3 dense connective tissue type?

A

Dense irregular,
Dense regular
Dense regular elastic

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24
Q

What is difference between tendon and ligament?

A

Tendon is muscle to bone

Ligament is bone to bone

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25
Q

Where is reticular tissue found?

A

Lymph nodes, spleen and bone marrow

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26
Q

What is the function of adipose tissue?

A

Fat storage, insulation, shock absorption

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27
Q

What is the major energy reserve in the body?

A

Adipose

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28
Q

What are the 3 types of specialized connective tissue?

A

Cartilage, blood and bone

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29
Q

What are lacuna?

A

The clear area around chondrocytes for protection

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30
Q

What are chondrocytes?

A

The cells of cartilage

31
Q

What are osteocytes?

A

Cells of the bone

32
Q

The the 3 classes of cartilage?

A

Hyaline, fibrocartlage and elastic cartilage

33
Q

What are the 3 components of bone?

A

Osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts

34
Q

What’s the difference between osteoclast and osteoblasts?

A

Osteoclasts destroys bone
Ostablasts makes bone

35
Q

What is The components of blood?

A

Plasma proteins
Erythrocytes ( red blood cells)
Leukocytes (white)
Platelet (thrombocytes)

36
Q

What is the muscle cell?

A

Myocyte

37
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle?

A

Skeletal, cardiac and smooth

38
Q

What’s something the skeletal and cardiac muscles have in common?

A

They are striated

39
Q

What kind of movement does the skeletal muscle have?

A

Voluntary

40
Q

What kind of movement does the cardiac muscle have?

A

Involuntary

41
Q

What’s the special feature of cardiac muscle tissue?

A

Intercalated discs

42
Q

What kind of movement does smooth muscle have?

A

Involuntary

43
Q

Where’s smooth tissue?

A

In nearly every hollow organ, blood vessels, eyes, skin and ducts of certain glands

44
Q

How many nucleus for smooth?

A

Uninucleated

45
Q

What are the 2 main cell types of nervous tissue?

A

Neurons and neuroglial cells

46
Q

What are the 3 main components of neurons?

A

Soma, axon and dendrites

47
Q

What do neurons do?

A

Generate, conduct, and receive electrical messages

48
Q

What do neuroglial cells do?

A

Support the activity of neurons

49
Q

What are the cells of loose connective tissue called?

A

Fibroblasts

50
Q

What does loose connective tissue do?

A

Binds the muscle to the dermis

51
Q

Where is fibrocartilage found?

A

In intervertebral discs

52
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

A

At the end of bones

53
Q

Where is elastic cartilage found?

A

Ears

54
Q

What does skeletal and cardiac muscle have that smooth muscle doesn’t?

A

Striations

55
Q

What does skeletal muscle do?

A

Binds to the bone for movement

56
Q

What are red blood cells used for?

A

Binding and transport of oxygen throughout the body

57
Q

What are white blood cells used for?

A

Immunity

58
Q

What are platelets used for?

A

Blood clotting

59
Q

What fills goblet cells?

A

Mucus

60
Q

What does the ciliated pseudo stratified epithelial tissue do?

A

It pushes mucus out of the throat

61
Q

What do osteocytes turn into?

A

Osteoblasts

62
Q

What is inside the glands in the epithelial tissue?

A

Saliva, sweat, hormones, enzymes, breast milk

63
Q

What do merocrine glands secrete?

A

Mostly saliva and sweat

64
Q

What are holocrine glands used by to secrete?

A

Sebaceous glands to secrete sebum

65
Q

What are apocrine glands used to secrete?

A

Milk from the mammary glands

66
Q

Where can simple columnar tissue be found?

A

GI tract or stomach

67
Q

Where is smooth muscle tissues found?

A

In vessels, also in digestive and cardiac systems

68
Q

Where can dermis irregular connective tissue be found?

A

Dermis

69
Q

Where is simple columnar epithelial found?

A

GI tract, stomach

70
Q

Where is stratified columnar tissue found?

A

Ducts of certain glands, conjunctiva

71
Q

Where is simple cuboidal epithelial tissue found?

A

found in instetines

72
Q

Where is stratified cuboidal epithelial tissue found?

A

Ducts of sweat glands

73
Q

Where is simple squamous found?

A

Lungs and blood vessels

74
Q

Where’s pseudo stratified tissue found?

A

Throat, respiratory and digestive tract

Anatomy And Physiology (22 decks)

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