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Anatomy And Physiology > Chapter 11: Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 11: Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the nervous system’s functional categories?

A

Sensory, integrative and motor

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2
Q

With is the sensory (affferent) divison divided into?

A

Somatic and visceral sensory division

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3
Q

What is the somatic sensory division?

A

Carries signals from skeletal muscles, bones, joints and skin, also involved in 5 senses

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4
Q

What is the visceral sensory division?

A

Transmits signals from the visceral organs eg. heart, lungs, stomach, kidneys and urinary bladder

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5
Q

Somatic motor division

A

Carries signals to skeletal muscles eg. Swatting a fly

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6
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Carries stimuli to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands eg. breathing harder

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7
Q

What are some parts of the neuron?

A

Dendrite, cell body, axon hillock, axonlemma, axonplasma

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8
Q

Where does the sensory come through?

A

Dendrite

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9
Q

What part has a nucleus and endoplasmic recticulum?

A

Cell body

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10
Q

Where does the exon originate?

A

Axon hillock

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11
Q

What is the axonlemma knows as?

A

Plasma membrane

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12
Q

What is the axon plasma known as?

A

Cytoplasm

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13
Q

What is the most common type of neuron?

A

Multipolar

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14
Q

What are the types of neuroglial cells in the CNS?

A

Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia and ependymal cells

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15
Q

What are the types of neuroglia cells in the PNS?

A

Schwann cells and satellite cells

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16
Q

What cell forms the blood-brain barrier?

A

Astrocytes

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17
Q

What cell makes the myelin sheath?

A

Oligodendrocyte

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18
Q

What cell acts as phagocytosis?

A

Microglial cell

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19
Q

What is depolarization?

A

Positive charges enter the cytosol, making the membrane potential less negative going from -70 to -60 mV

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20
Q

What is hyperpolarization?

A

Either positive charges exit or negative charges enter cytosol, makes membrane more negative eg. From -70 to -80 mV

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21
Q

What is repolarization?

A

The process whereby the membrane potential returns to its resting state after depolarization

22
Q

Which -zation is most likely to result in action potential?

A

Depolarization

23
Q

What is the difference between the refractory periods?

A

Absolute is when no additional stimulus is able to produce additional action potential while relative refractory periods follows immediately after, where only strong stimulus can produce action potential

24
Q

What is the central nervous system composed of?

A

Brain and spinal cord

25
Q

How many pairs of cranial and spinal nerves are there?

A

12 and 31

26
Q

What is the integration system known as?

A

Interneuron or association neuron

27
Q

Where does information coming from in the visceral system?

A

Trunk

28
Q

What is the receptive region?

A

Dendrites and cell body

29
Q

What is the conducting region?

A

Axon

30
Q

What is the secretory region?

A

Axon terminal

31
Q

What functional region meets up with the muscle or gland through a synapse?

A

Axon terminal

32
Q

What is nuclei?

A

Clusters of neuron cell bodies

33
Q

What are tracts?

A

Bundles of axons

34
Q

What cell in the CNS ingests diseases?

A

Microglial

35
Q

What cell manufactures and circulates cerebrospinal fluid?

A

Ependymal cell

36
Q

What is nearly nonexistent in the CNS and very limited in the PNS?

A

Regeneration/replacement of damaged axons

37
Q

What is the resting membrane potential?

A

-70 mV

38
Q

What is the number of sodium and potassium ions moved in the membrane?

A

3 Na ions are moved out and 2 K ions are moved in

39
Q

What are local potentials also called?

A

Graded potentials

40
Q

What is the threshold of action potential always?

A

-55

41
Q

What is faster between Type A and B?

A

A

42
Q

What type are the majority of the synapses in the nervous system?

A

Chemical synapses

43
Q

What is part of a chemical synapse and what isn’t?

A

Receptors are part but gap junctions are not

44
Q

What ion is needed to trigger synaptic vesicles to release neurotransmitters?

A

Calcium ion

45
Q

What is the order of events at a chemical synapse after a stimulus?

A

An action potential in the presynaptic neuron triggers Ca2+ channels in axon terminal to open, this influx of Ca2+ causes synaptic vesicles to release neurotransmitters into synaptic cleft (exocytosis), which bind to receptors on postsynaptic neuron then ion channels open, leading to local potential and possible action potential

46
Q

Differences between a EPSP and an IPSP?

A

EPSP only occurs post synaptically and when the ion channels open the postsynaptic neuron gains negative charges or loses positive charges in the IPSP, causing inhibitory and for EPSP, positive charges enter the postsynaptic neuron, exciting it

47
Q

What is needed to terminate the effect of a neurotransmitter in the synapse?

A

Elimination of excess neurotransmitters from synaptic cleft

48
Q

Cholinergic synapses use what neurotransmitter?

A

Acetylcholine

49
Q

Where in the nervous system do we find neuronal pools?

A

Within the CNS (brain and spinal cord)

50
Q

Which type of fiber type propagates the action potential most quickly? (myelinated or unmyelinated and A, B or C?)

A

Myelinated A

Anatomy And Physiology (22 decks)

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