Chapter 10: Muscle System Flashcards
What is the plasma membrane called in the muscle cell?
Sarcolemma
What is the cytoplasm called in the muscle cell?
Sarcoplasm
What is the endoplasmic reticulum called in the muscle cell?
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
What protein is in the thick filament?
Myosin
What protein is in the thin filament?
Actin, troponin and tropomyosin
What connective tissue surrounds a muscle fiber?
Endonysium
What is the contractile unit of the myofibril called?
The sarcomere
What is the act of acetylcholine being released from the axon terminal called?
Exocytosis
What is called when the myosin head binds to the actin molecule?
Cross - bridge formation
Where does the main immediate source of ATP for contraction come from?
The main energy is stored ATP in the muscle fiber which are rapidly consumed during muscle contraction
What is infused tetanus?
This is when fibers are stimulated about 50 times per second, with the fiber partially relaxing between stimuli
What is fused tetanus?
Aka complete tetanus, when fibers are stimulated at a rate of 80 to 100 stimuli per second and do not relax between stimuli
What does the release of acetylcholine by latrotoxin cause muscle cells to do?
Have more contractions or spasms
Are type 1 fibers fast or slow?
Slow usually when sitting and standing
What must occur in the muscle to increase tension to pick up something heavy?
Motor units must be recruited and subsequently increased when needed
What kind of movement is skeletal?
Voluntary
What kind of movement is cardiac and smooth muscles?
Involuntary
What is smooth muscle for?
Blood flow and breathing
What is cardiac used in?
Heart
Why is the sarcoplasmic recticulum more important?
Stores and releases calcium ions
What could a myofilament be?
Actin and myosin
What are myofibrils made of?
Actin and myosin
What is triggered to move and connect the actin to myosin for movement?
Calcium
What protein doesn’t move?
Myosin
What does calcium trigger?
Troponin and tropomysosin
Where is muscle tension produced?
The sacromere
What will you see when musvle is not contracting?
H - zone
What shortens when muscles contract?
Sarcomere
What is the A - band called or what’s found there?
Myosin
Where does information come from the brain to go?
From the brain down to the axon to the neuromuscular junction
What is needed for exocytosis?
Calcium
Where is the synaptic cleft?
End of the muscle
What happens with no calcium?
No binding or muscle contraction
What are the steps of the cross bridge cycle?
Myosin binds to actin, ATP converts to ADP to release energy and there’s a power stroke then for release, ADP goes back to ATP
Where is calcium pumped back into during the muscle relaxation stage?
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
What is the most immediate source of energy?
Creatine phosphate
How many ATP made from glycotic energy sources?
2
Difference between myoglobin and hemoglobin?
Myoglobin stores oxygen in muscles and hemoglobin in blood
How much ATP does oxidative energy source make?
38
What does latrotixin do?
Increases release of acetacholyine
What does clostridium botulinum do?
Inhibits release of acetacholyine
What is preferred between fused and unfused tetanus?
Fused
What does Type 1 muscle fibers lack?
Speed
What kind of movement is skeletal?
Voluntary
What type of speed is Type 2A?
Fast oxidative
