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Anatomy And Physiology > Chapter 10: Muscle System > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Muscle System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the plasma membrane called in the muscle cell?

A

Sarcolemma

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2
Q

What is the cytoplasm called in the muscle cell?

A

Sarcoplasm

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3
Q

What is the endoplasmic reticulum called in the muscle cell?

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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4
Q

What protein is in the thick filament?

A

Myosin

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5
Q

What protein is in the thin filament?

A

Actin, troponin and tropomyosin

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6
Q

What connective tissue surrounds a muscle fiber?

A

Endonysium

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7
Q

What is the contractile unit of the myofibril called?

A

The sarcomere

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8
Q

What is the act of acetylcholine being released from the axon terminal called?

A

Exocytosis

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9
Q

What is called when the myosin head binds to the actin molecule?

A

Cross - bridge formation

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10
Q

Where does the main immediate source of ATP for contraction come from?

A

The main energy is stored ATP in the muscle fiber which are rapidly consumed during muscle contraction

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11
Q

What is infused tetanus?

A

This is when fibers are stimulated about 50 times per second, with the fiber partially relaxing between stimuli

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12
Q

What is fused tetanus?

A

Aka complete tetanus, when fibers are stimulated at a rate of 80 to 100 stimuli per second and do not relax between stimuli

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13
Q

What does the release of acetylcholine by latrotoxin cause muscle cells to do?

A

Have more contractions or spasms

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14
Q

Are type 1 fibers fast or slow?

A

Slow usually when sitting and standing

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15
Q

What must occur in the muscle to increase tension to pick up something heavy?

A

Motor units must be recruited and subsequently increased when needed

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16
Q

What kind of movement is skeletal?

A

Voluntary

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17
Q

What kind of movement is cardiac and smooth muscles?

A

Involuntary

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18
Q

What is smooth muscle for?

A

Blood flow and breathing

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19
Q

What is cardiac used in?

A

Heart

20
Q

Why is the sarcoplasmic recticulum more important?

A

Stores and releases calcium ions

21
Q

What could a myofilament be?

A

Actin and myosin

22
Q

What are myofibrils made of?

A

Actin and myosin

23
Q

What is triggered to move and connect the actin to myosin for movement?

A

Calcium

24
Q

What protein doesn’t move?

A

Myosin

25
Q

What does calcium trigger?

A

Troponin and tropomysosin

26
Q

Where is muscle tension produced?

A

The sacromere

27
Q

What will you see when musvle is not contracting?

A

H - zone

28
Q

What shortens when muscles contract?

A

Sarcomere

29
Q

What is the A - band called or what’s found there?

A

Myosin

30
Q

Where does information come from the brain to go?

A

From the brain down to the axon to the neuromuscular junction

31
Q

What is needed for exocytosis?

A

Calcium

32
Q

Where is the synaptic cleft?

A

End of the muscle

33
Q

What happens with no calcium?

A

No binding or muscle contraction

34
Q

What are the steps of the cross bridge cycle?

A

Myosin binds to actin, ATP converts to ADP to release energy and there’s a power stroke then for release, ADP goes back to ATP

35
Q

Where is calcium pumped back into during the muscle relaxation stage?

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

36
Q

What is the most immediate source of energy?

A

Creatine phosphate

37
Q

How many ATP made from glycotic energy sources?

A

2

38
Q

Difference between myoglobin and hemoglobin?

A

Myoglobin stores oxygen in muscles and hemoglobin in blood

39
Q

How much ATP does oxidative energy source make?

A

38

40
Q

What does latrotixin do?

A

Increases release of acetacholyine

41
Q

What does clostridium botulinum do?

A

Inhibits release of acetacholyine

42
Q

What is preferred between fused and unfused tetanus?

A

Fused

43
Q

What does Type 1 muscle fibers lack?

A

Speed

44
Q

What kind of movement is skeletal?

A

Voluntary

45
Q

What type of speed is Type 2A?

A

Fast oxidative

Anatomy And Physiology (22 decks)

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