Chapter 1: 1.1-1.3

Question 1

What are the six structural levels of organization?

Answer 1

Chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organism level

Question 2

How many organ systems does the human body have?

Answer 2

11

Question 3

Describe the chemical level

Answer 3

Smallest level, foundation, composed of thousands of atoms

Question 4

Describe the cellular level

Answer 4

Groups of many different types of molecules eg heart, skin and brain cells

Question 5

What is the tissue level comprised of?

Answer 5

Two or more cell types cooperating to perform common function

Question 6

What are the two components of the tissue level?

Answer 6

Cells and surrounding extracellular matrix

Question 7

What do tissues vary from?

Answer 7

Membrane sheets that cover body cavities to irregularly shaped cartilage in nose

Question 8

What is histology?

Answer 8

Study of tissues

Question 9

What are some tissue examples?

Answer 9

Epithelial, connective nervous, muscle

Question 10

What does the organ level comprise of?

Answer 10

Two or more issues that combine

Question 11

What are the characteristics of the organ level?

Answer 11

They have a recognizable shape and perform special functions eg. Heart and lung

Question 12

What is the organ system?

Answer 12

Organs grouped together to carry out broad functions eg. Cardiovascular and digestive

Question 13

What is the organism level?

Answer 13

Organ systems that work together to make up a working human body or organism

Question 14

What are the organ systems? (Name them)

Answer 14

Digestive, male and female reproductive, nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, urinary, lymphatic, endocrine, integumentary, skeletal, muscular

Question 15

What does the integumentary system include? (3)

Answer 15

Hair skin and nails and protects the body from external environment

Question 16

What does the skeletal system include? (2)

Answer 16

Bones and joints that support the body and protect internal organs

Question 17

What does the muscular system include? (1)

Answer 17

Skeletal muscles that produce movement and generate heat

Question 18

What does the nervous system include? (3)

Answer 18

Brain, spinal cord and nerves that regulate body functions

Question 19

What does the endocrine system include? (4)

Answer 19

The glands (pineal, pituitary, thyroid, thymus, adrenal) hypothalamus, pancreas and ovaries for women and testes for men and regulates functions of body, muscles glands and other tissues through secretion

Question 20

What does the cardiovascular system include? (2)

Answer 20

Blood vessels and heart and pumps and removes waste from tissues and transports cells, nutrients and other substances

Question 21

What does the lymphatic system include? (5)

Answer 21

Tonsils, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, lymphatic vessels and returns excess tissue fluid to the cardiovascular system and provides immunity

Question 22

What does the respiratory system include? (5)

Answer 22

Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea and lungs and deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

Question 23

What does the digestive system include? (8)

Answer 23

Mouth, salivary glands, esophagus, liver, stomach, gallbladder, pancreas, large and small intestine, and digests food and absorbs nutrients into the blood

Question 24

What does the urinary system include? (4)

Answer 24

Kidneys, uterers,urinary bladder and urethra which remove metabolic waste from the blood

Question 25

What does the reproductive systems for males include? (4)

Answer 25

Prostate gland, ductus deferens, testis and penis and produce and transports sperm

Question 26

What does the female reproductive system include? (5)

Answer 26

Mammary glands, uterine tube, ovary, uterus, vagina and produces and transports eggs

Question 27

What is ananatomical position?

Answer 27

Body standing upright, feet shoulder width apart, with upper limbs at sides of trunk and head and palms facing forward

Question 28

What are the 3 directional terms?

Answer 28

Anterior/ventral, posterior/dorsal, superior/cranal

Question 29

What is anterior?

Answer 29

Front of body in humans

Question 30

What is posterior?

Answer 30

Back of body in humans

Question 31

What does superior refer to?

Answer 31

Toward head

Question 32

What does inferior refer to?

Answer 32

Toward tail

Question 33

What is proximal and distal?

Answer 33

Proximal = closer to trunk and distal is further from trunk

Question 34

What is the midline of the body?

Answer 34

An imaginary line that runs down the middle of the body

Question 35

What does medial and lateral mean?

Answer 35

Medial is closer to midline and lateral is further

Question 36

What are superficial and deep?

Answer 36

Superficial is closer to the surface of body and deep is further away

Question 37

What are the Two regions of the body?

Answer 37

Axial and appendicular

Question 38

What does axial comprise of?

Answer 38

Head, neck and trunk

Question 39

What does appendicular comprise of?

Answer 39

Upper and lower limbs or appendages

Question 40

What are the planes of section?

Answer 40

Sagittal, frontal/coronal plane, transverse /horizontal, oblique/ cross sectional plane

Question 41

What are the variations of the sagittal plane?

Answer 41

Midsagittal plane and para sagittal plane

Question 42

What does the sagittal plane divide the body into?

Answer 42

Left and right vertical sections

Question 43

What does the frontal plane divide the body into?

Answer 43

Anterior and posterior

Question 44

What does transverse plane divide the body to? (OR)

Answer 44

Divides body into superior and inferior sections or proximal and distal sections

Question 45

When are oblique planes use?

Answer 45

When structures are difficult to examine using only the 3 primary planes