Chapter 2: 2.4 - 2.5 - Chemistry Of Life Flashcards
What is hydrophilic vs. Hydrophobic?
Hydrophilic is water loving and hydrophobic is water-fearing
What does pH stand for?
Potential/power of hydrogen
What is the hydrogen ion concentration for strongest acids and bases?
When the number is very low, below 7 the hydrogen concentration is very high for acids but very low for bases
What is the hydroxide concentration for the strongest acids and bases?
For the bases, there is a high hydroxide concentration, but for the acid there is a low hydroxide concentration
How does pH work in terms of numbers?
pH is in base ten, so two movements for example would be an 100 times difference
What is a buffer and what do they prevent?
A buffer is a chemical system that resists changes in pH and prevents large swings
in pH when acid or base is added to solution
What is dehydration synthesis?
The linkage of monomers (single subunits) to form polymers this is the process which makes water.
What is hydrolysis?
A catabolic reaction that uses water to break polymers into smaller subunits called monomers
What are the monomers of sugar, protein, lipid and nucleic acid?
Monosaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids and nucleotides
What happens when a monomer of glucose and fructose are joined in a dehydration synthesis?
Sucrose is made
What is the nucleotide structure?
Nitrogenous base w /hydrocarbon ring structure, five-carbon pentose sugar and phosphate group
What is the polymer of sugars/ carbohydrates?
Polysaccharides
What is the polymer of proteins?
Polypeptides or proteins
What are the 3 simplest sugars?
Fructose, galactose and glucose
What’s building block for all organic molecules?
Glucose
