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Anatomy And Physiology > Chapter 6: Bone Tissue,, > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Bone Tissue,, Flashcards

1
Q

.
What cells make bone?

A

Osteoblasts

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2
Q

What cells breakdown bone?

A

Osteoclasts

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3
Q

What structure persists into adulthood and for life?

A

Articular cartilage

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4
Q

How do long bones lengthen?

A

By longitudinal growth

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5
Q

How does bone growth take place in long bones?

A

It takes place by pushing the epiphysis away from the diaphysis

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6
Q

What is bone growth in length called?

A

Longitudinal

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7
Q

What is bone growth in width called?

A

Appositional

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8
Q

How does the sun help bone growth?

A

Vitamin D comes from the sun, and increases osteoblast while decreasing osteoclast activity

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9
Q

What increases osteoclast activity?

A

Continuous pressure placed on bone, parathyroid hormone and decrease in calcium ion concentration

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10
Q

What decreases osteoblast activity?

A

Inaclequate exercise and dietary intake of calcium or vitamins c,d or K

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11
Q

What increases osteoblast activity?

A

Compressional load or exercise, testosterone, tension placed on bone and adequate dietary intake of vitamins c,d and k

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12
Q

What decreases osteoclast activity?

A

Estrogen, calcitonin, and increase in blood calcium ion concentration

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13
Q

Steps of bone repair?

A

1) hematoma fills ingap between bone fragments
2) fibroblast and chondroblasts go into hematoma and form soft callus
3) osteoblasts build bone ( hard ) callus
4) bone callus is remodelled and primary bone replaced with secondary bone

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14
Q

What cells contribute to calcification during inframembranous ossification?

A

Mesenchymal cells

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15
Q

Describe the epiphysis

A

The end of a diaphysis, covered with a thin layer of hyaline cartilage

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16
Q

What is the diaphysis

A

Shaft of the long bone

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17
Q

What is the articular cattilage?

A

A thin layer of hyaline cartilage that allows the bone to rub together with reduced friction at joints

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18
Q

What is the epiphyseal plate?

A

Growth plates that allow bones to grow in size

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19
Q

How de you know when a person is done growing?

A

The epiphyseal plate becomes a line

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20
Q

What are the 2 bone textures?

A

Spongy and compact

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21
Q

What does the compact bone do?

A

Allows bone to resist linear compression and twisting forces

22
Q

What does the spongy bone do?

A

Allows long bones to resist forces from many directions

23
Q

What are some things only long bones have?

A

Epiphyses,diaphyses, medullary cavities, ephyseal lines and plates

24
Q

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

A

Protection blood cell formation, fat storage, movement and support

25
Q

What are 5 bone shapes?

A

Long bones, short bones, flat, irregular and sesamoid

26
Q

Example of each type of bone?

A

Long- humerus
Short - trapezium
Flat- sternum
Irregular- vertebrae
Sesamoid - patella

27
Q

What are the types of bone marrow?

A

Red and yellow bone marrow

28
Q

What kind of marrow decreases with age?

A

Red bone marrow

29
Q

What is yellow bone marrow comprised of?

A

Triglycerides, blood vesselsand adipocytes

30
Q

What are the kinds of fracture?

A

Simple and compound fractures

31
Q

What steps are in the process of bone repair?

A

A hematoma fills the gap between bone fragments, fibroblasts and chondroblasts infiltrate the hematoma and a soft callus forms, osteoblasts build a bone callus, which is remodelled and the primary bone is replaced with the secondary bone

32
Q

How is bone remodeling a negative feedback?

A

the body respond to a low calcium ion level

33
Q

What kind of tendon is a sesamoid bone?

A

Specialized

34
Q

What are some examples of flat bones?

A

Ribs, pelvis and most skull bones

35
Q

What are some examples of trapezium bones?

A

Tarsals and carpals

36
Q

What is the part of the bone that is outside and extends to the regular tissue and surrounds the long bone?

A

Periosteum

37
Q

How many zones of hyaline cartilage are there?

A

5

38
Q

What kind of cells are osteocytes?

A

Mature bone cells

39
Q

What kind of cell deals with the process of bone deposition?

A

Osteoblasts

40
Q

What kind of cell type deals with bone resorption/remodelling?

A

Osteoclasts

41
Q

What is the lacuna?

A

Fluid filled cavity occupied by osteocytes

42
Q

What are the structural units of mature compact bones?

A

Osteons

43
Q

Why do skull bones develop faster than bones in other parts of the body?

A

They have intramembranous ossification, lacking a cartilage stage

44
Q

What kind of ossification is seen in long bones?

A

Endochronal ossification

45
Q

Why are women on average smaller than men?

A

They see plate closure sooner than men

46
Q

What happens in terms of bone resorption and deposition when you are physically active?

A

Bone deposition is greater than resorption

47
Q

What does PTH do?

A

Takes calcium out of the bone and into the bloodstream

48
Q

Where is it most important to have calcium?

A

In the blood

49
Q

What happens with there is a defect in the PTH?

A

Low blood calcium

50
Q

What kind of fracture requires no surgery?

A

Simple

51
Q

What kind of fracture usually occurs in kids?

A

Greenstick

Anatomy And Physiology (22 decks)

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