Chapter 1.4 - 1.5

Question 1

What are the major divisions of the axial region?

Answer 1

Anterior and posterior

Question 2

Wha is the axial posterior body cavity divided into?

Answer 2

Cranial and vertebral/spinal cavity

Question 3

What are the major organs in thoracic cavity?

Answer 3

It is divided into the pleural which surround either left or right lung, mediastinum between pleural candies which houses the heart, great vessels, trachea (windpipe) and esophagus and the pericardial in the mediastinum inside the serous membrane that surrounds the heart

Question 4

What is the abdominopelvic cavity divided into?

Answer 4

Superior abdominal cavity (diaphragm to bony pelvis) and pelvic cavity (within bony pelvis)

Question 5

What organs are found in the abdominopelvic cavity?

Answer 5

The organs from the digestive , lymphatic, reproductive and urinary systems

Question 6

What is the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 6

Abdominal subcavity found within serous membrane

Question 7

What separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity?

Answer 7

Diaphragm

Question 8

What are the 9 segments of the abdominopelvic cavity separated by (what lines) ?

Answer 8

Two parasiagittal and two transverse lines

Question 9

What are the 9 segments of the abdominopelvic cavity?

Answer 9

Right and left hypochondriac regions, epigastric region, right and left lumbar regions, umbilical region, right and left iliac or inguinal regions and hypogastic region

Question 10

What does the pleural membranes consist of?

Answer 10

Outer parietal pleura which follows the contours of thoracic wall and inner visceral pleura which runs along the surface of lungs and pleural cavities which are a thin space enclosed by pleural membranes

Question 11

What de pericardial membranes consist of?

Answer 11

Outer parietal pericardium which separates heart from mediastinum and inner visceral pincardium which lies directly on heart muscles

Question 12

What does the peritoneal membranes surround?

Answer 12

Some of the abdominal organs and consist of outer pleural peritoneum and inner visceral peritoneum

Question 13

What is homeostasis?

Answer 13

Maintenance of internal environment in the body

Question 14

What is the difference between the positive and negative feedback loop?

Answer 14

In the positive feedback loop, a change in variable results in actions that amplify the change like childbirth or blood clotting but in a negative feedback loop, a change in variable (stimulus) results in actions that moves it in an opposite direction like temperature or blood pressure

Question 15

How does the negative feedback loop work?

Answer 15

When the regulated variable is outside of its normal range stimulus is detected by a sensor, and sent to the control center to determine the variable is outside of range, then signals other cells or organs, called effectors That return variable to normal nomoestatic range and the loop is only closed once the variable returns back to normal

Question 16

How does the positive feedback loop work?

Answer 16

The effector activity increases and reinforces the initial stimulus then shuts off when the conditions return to normal range and often found within negative feedback loop to produce quicker response

Question 17

What is the structure and function core principle?

Answer 17

That form of structure is always such that best suits its function which goes for every level of organization, even down to chemical level

Question 18

What is the gradient principle?

Answer 18

That a gradient is when more of something exists in one area than in another and The two areas are connected - this drives many physiological process like respiration and the formation of urine

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Question 19

What are 3 common gradients in the human body?

Answer 19

Temperature, concentration, and pressure gradient

Question 20

What is cell-to-cell communication?

Answer 20

This is when cells work and communicate in an orderly fashion to allow the maintenance of homeostasis

Question 21

What are examples of cell-to cell communication!

Answer 21

Nerve and endocrine cells communicating with eachother

Question 22

What are subdivisions of the axial posterior cavity filled with?

Answer 22

Cerebrospinal fluid

Question 23

What does visceral layer mean?

Answer 23

In contact with underlying organ

Question 24

What does parietal layer mean?

Answer 24

Outermost layer attached to surrounding structures