Chapter 8: Articulations Flashcards
What joint classification has the most mobility?
Diarthrosis
What are the 3 main joints based on movement?
Synarthrosis (no movement) eg. Head, amphiarthrosis (small movements) eg, vertebrae and diarthrosis (free movement) eg. Knee
What are the main functions of fibrous joints?
No movement, mostly stability
What are the main structural classifications of fibrous joints?
Sutures, gomphosis and syndesmosis
Describe suture
Only in head, very stable and for protection
Describe gomphosis?
Found in mouth/teeth, has periodontal ligament and links tooth firmly to jawbone
Describe syndesmosis.
Found between radius and ulna, fibula and tibia and joined by interoseseous membrane
What are the types of cartilage joints?
Synchondroses and symphyses
Describe epiphyseal plate
Weakest point of developing bone where the bone hasn’t ossified yet so there can be growth. Found in hyaline cartilage
Describe intervertebral joints?.
Found between adjacent vertebral bodies of spinal column
Describe pubic symphysis
Found between pubic bones of pelvic girdle
Why is there articular cartilage at the end of long bones?
Reduction of friction and prevents them from rubbing together when you use your joints
What do ligaments connect?
Bone to bone
What is abduction?
Movement of the body away from the midline eg. Fingers spread apart
What is adduction?
Movement of body part towards midline of the body eg fingers pressed together
Shaking your head no is what type of joint movement?
Rotational
What are the functional types of synovial joints?
Nonaxial, uniaxial, biaxial and multiaxial
What do the axial joints for synovial joints mean?
Allows motion around a certain number of axes
What are some types of angular movement
Flexion, extension, hyperextension, abduction, adduction, circumduction and rotation
Flexion
Decreases 180° angle by bringing parts closer to eachother
Extension
Increases angle between bones
Hyperextension
Extension beyond anatomical position of joints (more than 180°) only in hips and shoulder
Circumduction
Circular rotation of hip and shoulder. Only unpaired angular movement combination of flexion and extension and abduction and adduction movements
Rotation
Nonangular movement eg. Shaking head no
What are some special movements?
Opposition, reposition, depression, elevation, protraction, retraction, inversion, eversion,, dorsiflexion, planarflexion, supination and pronation
Opposition of thumb
Allows thumb to move across palm
Reposition of thumb
Returns thumb to anatomical position
Depression
Moves part of body in inferior direction
Elevation
Moves part of body in superior direction
Protraction
Moves part of body in anterior direction
Retraction
Move body in posterior direction
Inversion
Rotation in medial direction
Eversion
Rotation in lateral direction
Dorsiflexion
Angle between foot and leg decreases
Planar flexion
Angle between foot and ley increases
Supination and pronation
Rotational movements of wrist and ankle
What are the body parts that only flex?
The elbow and knee
What part of the knee stabilizes and holds it in place?
Lateral meniscus
What is the gleno humoral joint also called?
Shoulder joint (glenoidcavity) and humerus
What is symphysis used for?
Protection and shock absorption
What does the bursa make?
Synovial fluid
What parts of the body can only flex?
The elbow and knee
What parts of the body can hyperextend?
The hip and the shoulder
What does the lateral meniscus do?
Stabilizes the knee and holds it in place
What does the glenoid cavity and the humerus make?
The glenohumeral joint
What’s the difference between partial and total hip replacement?
Total replacement removes and replaces the head of the femur, and the acetabulum gets reconstructed, while in partial reconstruction only the head of the femur is replaced
What joint gets squished when you sleep?
Symphisis
What type of joint is the only one with a joint cavity?
Synovial joint
What makes synovial fluid?
Synovial membrane and bursa
What are the differences between synovial, cartilaginous and fibrous joints?
Movement ability, synovial has joint cavity, functions places found
How is circumduction movement?
Like a fan
