Chapter 80: Drugs for Allergic Rhinitis, Cough, and Colds

Question 1

Symptoms of allergic rhinitis

Answer 1

• sneezing, rhinorrhea, pruritus, nasal congestion,

Question 2

what is allergic rhinitis

Answer 2

seasonal allergies

Question 3

which immunoglobulin do allergens bind to to release inflammatory mediators

Answer 3

IgE

Question 4

what drug classes are used for allergic rhinitis

Answer 4

• Glucocorticoids (nasal)
• Antihistamines (oral and nasal)
• sympathomimetics (oral and nasal)
• antileukotrienes (oral)
• Anticholinergics (nasal)
• Mast cell stabilizer (nasal)

Question 5

What is the first choice / most effective treatment and prevention of rhinitis

Answer 5

Intranasal Glucocorticoids
- Beclomethasone (Beconase AQ)

Question 6

what are the mild adverse effects of Beclomethasone (Beconase AQ)

Answer 6

• drying of the nasal mucosa or sore throat
• epistasis (nosebleed)
• headache
• rare: adrenal supression

Question 7

beclomethasone is administered

Answer 7

metered dose spray device

Question 8

Beclomethasone response

Answer 8

delayed
- best if used continously

Question 9

oral antihistamines relieve

Answer 9

sneezing, rhinorrhea, and nasal itching

Question 10

oral histamines are most effective if taken

Answer 10

prophylactically

Question 11

what are the mild adverse effects of aoral antihistamines

Answer 11

• sedation with first generation

Question 12

what is the first choice of oral antihistamine in children

Answer 12

Fluticasone

Question 13

sympathomimetics effects

Answer 13

reduce nasal congestion
- activate alpha 1- adrenergic receptors

Question 14

sympathomimetics adverse effects

Answer 14

• rebound congestion
• CNS stimulation
• Cardiovascular effects

Question 15

sympathomimetics should not be used

Answer 15

longer than 5 consecuative days

Question 16

sympathomimetics administration

Answer 16

drops or spray

Question 17

topical application of sympathomimetics

Answer 17

• act quickly
• rebound congestion common with prolonged use

Question 18

nasal application of sympathomimetics

Answer 18

• act longer
• systemic effects occur

Question 19

example of sympathomimetics

Answer 19

Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)

Question 20

Pseudoephedrine use

Answer 20

reduce nasal congestion

Question 21

Pseudoephedrine side effects

Answer 21

• cardiovascular effects
• insomnia, restlessness, anxiety
• rebound congestion

Question 22

Pseudoephedrine contradictions

Answer 22

• hypertension
• coronary artery disease
• arrhythmias

Question 23

Antitussives use

Answer 23

• drugs that supress cough

Question 24

what are the types of antiitussives

Answer 24

• opioid antitussives (codeine, hydrocodone)
• Nonopiod antitussives (Dextromethorphan)

Question 25

antitussives adverse effects

Answer 25

• dorwsiness, GI upset, constipation (codiene), abuse

Question 26

Expectorants example

Answer 26

Guaifenesin [Robitussin]

Question 27

Guaifenesin is used for

Answer 27

conditions with productive cough

Question 28

Guaifenesin adverse effects

Answer 28

GI upset (nausea and vomiting)

Question 29

Mucolytics example

Answer 29

Acetlycysteine [Mucomyst]

Question 30

Acetlycysteine [Mucomyst] is administered

Answer 30

by nebulization

Question 31

Acetlycysteine [Mucomyst] is used for

Answer 31

cyctic fibrosis, acetaminophen overdose

Question 32

Acetlycysteine [Mucomyst] adverse effects

Answer 32

• high sulfur content; rotten egg smell
• can trigger bronchospasm