Chapter 80: Drugs for Allergic Rhinitis, Cough, and Colds Flashcards
Symptoms of allergic rhinitis
- sneezing, rhinorrhea, pruritus, nasal congestion,
what is allergic rhinitis
seasonal allergies
which immunoglobulin do allergens bind to to release inflammatory mediators
IgE
what drug classes are used for allergic rhinitis
- Glucocorticoids (nasal)
- Antihistamines (oral and nasal)
- sympathomimetics (oral and nasal)
- antileukotrienes (oral)
- Anticholinergics (nasal)
- Mast cell stabilizer (nasal)
What is the first choice / most effective treatment and prevention of rhinitis
Intranasal Glucocorticoids
- Beclomethasone (Beconase AQ)
what are the mild adverse effects of Beclomethasone (Beconase AQ)
- drying of the nasal mucosa or sore throat
- epistasis (nosebleed)
- headache
- rare: adrenal supression
beclomethasone is administered
metered dose spray device
Beclomethasone response
delayed
- best if used continously
oral antihistamines relieve
sneezing, rhinorrhea, and nasal itching
oral histamines are most effective if taken
prophylactically
what are the mild adverse effects of aoral antihistamines
- sedation with first generation
what is the first choice of oral antihistamine in children
Fluticasone
sympathomimetics effects
reduce nasal congestion
- activate alpha 1- adrenergic receptors
sympathomimetics adverse effects
- rebound congestion
- CNS stimulation
- Cardiovascular effects
sympathomimetics should not be used
longer than 5 consecuative days
sympathomimetics administration
drops or spray
topical application of sympathomimetics
- act quickly
- rebound congestion common with prolonged use
nasal application of sympathomimetics
- act longer
- systemic effects occur
example of sympathomimetics
Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)
Pseudoephedrine use
reduce nasal congestion
Pseudoephedrine side effects
- cardiovascular effects
- insomnia, restlessness, anxiety
- rebound congestion
Pseudoephedrine contradictions
- hypertension
- coronary artery disease
- arrhythmias
Antitussives use
- drugs that supress cough
what are the types of antiitussives
- opioid antitussives (codeine, hydrocodone)
- Nonopiod antitussives (Dextromethorphan)
antitussives adverse effects
- dorwsiness, GI upset, constipation (codiene), abuse
Expectorants example
Guaifenesin [Robitussin]
Guaifenesin is used for
conditions with productive cough
Guaifenesin adverse effects
GI upset (nausea and vomiting)
Mucolytics example
Acetlycysteine [Mucomyst]
Acetlycysteine [Mucomyst] is administered
by nebulization
Acetlycysteine [Mucomyst] is used for
cyctic fibrosis, acetaminophen overdose
Acetlycysteine [Mucomyst] adverse effects
- high sulfur content; rotten egg smell
- can trigger bronchospasm
