Chapter 106: Cytotoxic Agents

Question 1

what is the largest class of anticancer drugs

Answer 1

cytotoxic anticancer drugs

Question 2

cytotoxic anticancer drugs mechanism of actions

Answer 2

act directly on cancer cells and healthy cells to cause their death

Question 3

what percentage of cytotoxic drugs are phase specific

Answer 3

50%

Question 4

how many major groups are cytotoxic drugs divided into

Answer 4

8

Question 5

cell cycle

Answer 5

sequence of events that a cell goes through from one miotic division to the next

Question 6

cell-cycle phase-specific drugs

Answer 6

• toxic only to cells in a particular phase
• must be in the blood continously over a long time

Question 7

cell-cycle phase-nonspecific drugs

Answer 7

• can act during any phase of the cell cycle

Question 8

anticancer drugs are especially toxic to tissues

Answer 8

with a high growth fraction

Question 9

examples of tissues with a high growth fraction

Answer 9

• bone marrow
• hair follicles
• GI epithelium
• germinal epithelium (reproductive tract)

Question 10

antineoplastic drugs are often ____, ____, and ______

Answer 10

mutagenic
teratogenic
carcinogenic

Question 11

high alert medications means

Answer 11

they cause devastating effects to patients in the events of a medication error

Question 12

antimetabolites

Answer 12

folic acid analogues

Question 13

folic acid analogues example

Answer 13

methotrexate

Question 14

methotrexate mechanism of action

Answer 14

inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, thus interfering with the production of folic acid

Question 15

methotrexate is administered

Answer 15

PO/IM/IV

Question 16

methotrexate is excreted

Answer 16

renally

Question 17

methotrexate is also used for

Answer 17

rheumatoid arthritis, crohns disease and psoriasis

Question 18

methotrexate is a

Answer 18

tetrogen

Question 19

methotrexate adverse effects

Answer 19

nausea and vomiting, oral and GI ulceration, pulmonary fibrosis