Chapter 50: Drugs for Hypertension Flashcards
1
Q
what are the 4 risk factors for hypertension
A
- diabetes mellitus
- chronic kidney disease
- low level of consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables
- sedentary behaviour
2
Q
out of office measurement of blood pressure is reccomended for all adults with
A
- high BP in office to rule out white coat hypertension
- suspected hypertension yo rule out masked hypertension
3
Q
normal blood pressure
A
systolic BP <120 and diastolic BP < 80
4
Q
elevated BP
A
systolic BP of 120-129 and diastolic <80
5
Q
hypertension stage 1
A
systolic BP 130-139 or dialstolic 80-89
6
Q
hypertesnion stage 2
A
systolic BP >140 or diastolic BP >90
7
Q
what is the target blood pressure for someone with diabetes
A
<130
8
Q
consequences of hypertension
A
- increased risk of stroke and ischemic heart disease mortality
- for every 20 systolic BP; risk of dying doubles
- for every 10 diastolic BP; risk doubles
9
Q
Primary (essential) hypertension
A
- no identifiable cause
- chronic, progressive disorder
- population: older adults, african Canadians, postmenopausal women
- treated no cured
10
Q
secondary hypertension
A
- identifiable primary cause
- possible to treat the cause directly
- some individuals can be cured (hypertension during pregnancy or a tumour)
11
Q
masked hypertension
A
- patients BP is less than 140/90 in a medical setting but is hypertensive at home
12
Q
white coat hypertension
A
- patients BP is less than 140/90 at home but is hypertensive in a medical setting
- associated with anxiety and nervousness
13
Q
hypertension is a significant risk factor for
A
- cerebrovascular disease
- coronary artery disease
- heart failure
- renal failure
- peripheral vascular disease
- dementia
- atrial fibrillation
- kidney disease
14
Q
major cardiovascular risk factors
A
- cigarette smoking
- physical inactivity
- dyslipidemia
- diabetes
- microalbuminuria
- advances age (older 55 men; older 65 women)
- family history
15
Q
lifestyle modifications for hypertension
A
- sodium restriction
- DASH eating plan
- alcohol restriction
- aerobic exercise / weight reduction
- smoking cessation
- maintenance of potassium and calcium intake
- relaxation therapies
16
Q
sodium intake should be
A
<2000 mg/day
