Chapter 11: Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Flashcards
what physiologic changes occur during the third trimester of pregnancy that impact drug disposition and dosing
- renal blood flow is doubled
- renal excretion is accelerated
what physiologic changes happen during pregnancy that impact drug disposition and dosing
- third trimester (renal blood flow is doubled, renal excretion is accelerated)
- tone and mobility of bowel decreases (prolongation of drug effects)
- hepatic metabolism of some drugs can increase
teratogenesis
incidence and causes of congenital anomalies
what percent of all congenital anomalies are caused by drugs
less than 1%
congenitial abnormalities are often
unknown
how to minimize the risk for teratogenesis
pregnant client should avoid using unnecessary drugs (alcohol. cocaine)
how to respond to teratogen exposure
- identify details of exposure
- ultrasound scans
- reassurance that malformations may not occur
what are the three stages of fetal development
- conception through week 2
- embryonic period
- fetal period
embryonic period
weeks 3 through 8
gross malformations produced by teratogens occur during the
embryonic period
fetal period
week 9 through delivery
when exposed to teratogens in the fetal period
functions disrupted with teratogen exposure
category A drug
safest
category B drug
more dangerous than A
category C drug
more dangerous than A and B
