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HLST220: Pharmacology > Chapter 17: Muscarinic Antagonists > Flashcards

Chapter 17: Muscarinic Antagonists Flashcards

1
Q

Muscarinic antagonists are also known as

A
  • parasympatholytic drugs
  • antimuscarinic drugs
  • muscarinic blockers
  • anticholineric drugs
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2
Q

muscarinic antagonists oppose

A

BLUCHPADS BBC
- muscarinic agonists

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3
Q

treat overdose of muscarinic antagonists with

A

physostigmine

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4
Q

Atropine mechanism of action

A

competitive blockage of the actions of Ach at muscarinic receptors

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5
Q

at high doeses atropine will block ____ recpetors too

A

nicotinic

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6
Q

atropine effect on the heart

A

increases heart rate

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7
Q

atropine effect on exocrine glands

A

decreases secretions

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8
Q

atropine effects on smooth muscles

A

relaxes bronchi, decreases tone of urinary bladder detrusor, and decreased tone and mitility of GI tract

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9
Q

atropine effect on eyes

A

mydriasis and cycoplegia

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10
Q

atropine effect on the CNS

A

mild excitation of hallucinations and delirium

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11
Q

atropine therapeutic uses

A
  • preanaesthetic medication
  • diorders of the eye
  • bradycardia
  • intestinal hypertonicity and hypermobility
  • muscarinic agonist poisoning
  • peptic ulcer disease, astma (rare)
  • biliary colic
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12
Q

what is the half life of atropine

A

3 hours

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13
Q

atropine adverse effects

A
  • xerostomia (dry mouth)
  • blurred visions and photophobia
  • elevation of intraocular presssure
  • urinary retention
  • constipation
    anhidrosis
  • tachycardia
  • asthma (thicken bronchial secretions)
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14
Q

where to avoid atropine

A
  • older adults, cation in pregnancy and breast feeding
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15
Q

other muscarinic antagonists

A
  • scopolamine
  • ipratropium bromide
  • dicyclomine
  • benztropine, tribexyphenidyl
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16
Q

what is the specific anticholinergic drug for overactive bladder

A

Oxybutynin [Ditropan]

17
Q

Oxybutynin [Ditropan] mechanism of action

A

anticholinergic agent that acts primarily at M3 muscarinic receptors ( (salivary glands, bladder, Gi, Eyes)

18
Q

Oxybutynin should be used with caution in

A

the elderly

19
Q

oxybutynin side effects

A

common

20
Q

oxybutynin

A
  • very soluable
  • T1/2: 2-3 hours
21
Q

Telterodine [Detrol, LA]

A
  • nonselective muscarinic antagonist
  • fewer anticholinergic side effects
  • QT interval
22
Q

Trospium [Trosec]

A
  • nonselective muscarinic antagonist
  • generally well tolerated; no CNS effects
  • no heptic metabolism
  • anticholinergic side effects
  • take on an empty stomach
23
Q

therapeutic uses of scopolamine produce

A

sedation
- sepresses emesis and motion sickness

24
Q

Principle uses for scopolamine

A

motion sickness, production of cycloplegia and mydriasis for opthalmic procedures, and preduction of preanesthetic sedation and obsteric amnesia

25
Q

What is Ipratropium bromide used to treat

A
  • chornic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), occasionally used for asthma, can also be used for rhinitis
26
Q

when Ipratropium bromide is used by inhalation or nasal spray routes…

A

it is not associated with typical antimuscarnic side effects

27
Q

what are the 2 antisecretory anticholiergics

A
  • Glycopyrrolate propantheline
  • propantheline
28
Q

glycopyrrolate propantheline

A
  • reduces salvation / drooling
  • used in cerebral palsy, pre-operative
  • reduces stomach acid secretion
29
Q

propantheline treats

A
  • urinary incontience
  • hyperhidrosis
  • stomach, intenstine and bladder antisasmodic
  • reduces stomach acid
30
Q

Dicyclomine is used for

A

irritable bowel syndrome (spasmic colon, mucous colitis) and functional bowel disorders (diarrehea, hypermobility)

31
Q

what are the 5 mydriatic - cycloplegics

A
  • atropine
  • homatropine
  • scopolamine
  • cyclopentolate
  • tropicamide
32
Q

what are the 3 sources of antimuscarinic poisoning

A
  • natural products
  • selective antimuscarinic drugs
  • drugs with pronounced antimuscarinic properties
33
Q

what are symptoms of the toxicolody of muscarinic antagonists

A
  • dry mouth
  • blurred vision
  • photophobia
  • hyperthermia
  • CNS effects
  • hot, dry, flushed skin
34
Q

what is the treatment for the toxicology of muscarinic antagonists

A
  • prysostigmine
  • can also use activated charcoal

HLST220: Pharmacology (23 decks)

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