Chapter 47: Drugs acting on the RAAS Flashcards
1
Q
actions of angiotensin II
A
- vasoconstriction
- release of aldosterone
- alteration of cardiac and vascular structure
2
Q
actions of aldosterone
A
- regulation of blood volume and blood pressure
- pathologic cardiovascular effects
3
Q
function of renin
A
- catalyzes the formation of angiotensin I from angiotensinogen
4
Q
ACE
A
- catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I (inactive) to angiotensin II
5
Q
RAAS acts in 2 ways
A
- constricts renal blood vessels
- acts of kidneys to promote retention of sodium and water and excretion of potassium
6
Q
ACE inhibitors therapeutic uses
A
- hypertension
- heart failure
- myocardial infraction
- neuropathy
7
Q
ACE inhibitors adverse effects
A
- first dose hypotension
- fetal injury (teratogenic)
- cough
- hyperkalemia
- renal failure
- angioedema
- neutropenia
8
Q
Angioedema
A
- potentially liffe-threatening reaction
- patient reports edema of the tongue, lips or eyes.
- patient should never take ACE inhibitors again
9
Q
what is the only ACE inhibitor that is not taken orally
A
enalaprilat
10
Q
Captopril must be taken on a
A
empty stomach
11
Q
ACE inhibitors example
A
the ‘PRILS’
- benazepril, captopril, enalapril, enalaprilat, fosinopril, lisinopril, perindopril, quinapril, ramipril, trandolapril
12
Q
Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) effects
A
- cause dilation of arterioles and veins
- reduce excretion of potassium
- decrease release of aldosterone
- increase renal excretion of sodium and water
13
Q
Unlike ACEI’s, ARBs
A
- do not inhibit kinase II
- do not increase levels of bradykinin
14
Q
ARBs therapuetic uses
A
- hypertension, heart failure, myocardial infraction
- diabetic neuropathy
- may prevent development of diabetic retinopathy
15
Q
ARB adverse effects
A
- angioedema
- fetal harm
- renal failure
- lower instance of cough versus ACE
