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HLST220: Pharmacology > Chapter 20: Adrenergic Agonists > Flashcards

Chapter 20: Adrenergic Agonists Flashcards

1
Q

Adrenergic Agonists are also called

A

sympathomimetic

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2
Q

Adrenergic agonists produce their effects by activating

A

adrenergic receptors

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3
Q

adrenergic agonists have applications in

A
  • congestive heart failure
  • asthma
  • preterm labor
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4
Q

Catecholamines examples

A
  • Norepinephrine (noreadrenalin)
  • epinephrine (adrenalin)
  • Isoproterenol
  • Dopamine
  • Dobutamine
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5
Q

Non catecholamines

A
  • ephedrine
  • phenylephrine
  • terbutaline
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6
Q

what are the 4 mechanisms of Adrenergic receptor activation

A
  • direct receptor binding )mimic NE, Epi, DA)
  • promotion of norepineprine (NE) release
  • inhibition of NE reuptake
  • Inhibition of NE inactivation
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7
Q

Salbutamol receptor specificity

A

beta2

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8
Q

Isoproterenol receptor specificity

A

beta and beta 2 `

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9
Q

epinephrine receptor specificity

A
  • alpha1 and alpha2
  • beta1 and beta2
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10
Q

therapeutic applications of alpha1 activation

A
  • hemostasis (arrests bleeding via vasoconstriction)
  • nasal decongestion (mucosal vasoconstriction)
  • Adjunct to local anesthesia (delays absorption)
  • elevated blood pressure (vasoconstriction)
  • mydriasis (dilation)
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11
Q

vasoconstriction can cause

A
  • hypertension
  • necrosis (alpha 1 blocking agent)
  • bradycardia
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12
Q

what are the 4 drugs capable of activation alpha1 receptors

A
  • epinephrine
  • norepinephrine
  • phenylephrine
  • dopamine
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13
Q

clinical consequences of alpha2 activation

A
  • reduction of sympathetic outflow to heart rate and the blood vessels
  • releif of severe pain
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14
Q

beta1 receptors can be activated by

A
  • epinephrine
  • norepinephrine
  • isoproterenol
  • dopamine
  • dobutamine
  • ephedrine
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15
Q

Therapeutic application of beta1 activation

A
  • shock
  • profound hypotension (reduced tissue perfusion)
  • increases heart rate and force of contraction (increases cardiac output)
  • improves tissue perfusion
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16
Q

activation of beta1 receptors in the heart has a _________________ effect

A

positive inotrophic effect

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17
Q

drugs that activate beta1 receptor _______ cardiac performance

A

improve

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18
Q

Adrenergic receptor activation effect on Atrioventricular (AV) heart block

A
  • enhance impulse conduction through AV node
  • can help overcome AV block
  • drugs= temporary form of treatment
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19
Q

long term management of AV heart block

A

pacemaker

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20
Q

cardiac arrest treatment

A

Epinephrine
- IV/direct injection into the heart

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21
Q

Adverse effects of beta1 activation

A
  • dysrhythmias
  • angina pectoris (risk for anginal attack)
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22
Q

application of beta2 receptor activation

A
  • lungs
  • uterus
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23
Q

beta2 activating drugs

A
  • epinephrine
  • isoproterenol
  • Salbutamol
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24
Q

Beta 2 activation astma

A
  • promote lung bronchodilation
  • relieve or prevent asthma attacks
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25
Q

application of beta2 receptors in the uterus

A
  • delay preterm labour (relaxes uterine smooth muscle)
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26
Q

activation of beta2 receptors in the liver and skeletal muscles

A
  • hyperglycemias (breakdown of glycogen into glucose)
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27
Q

beta2 agonists causes hyperglycemia only in patients with

A

diabetes

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28
Q

what is the most common side effect of beta2 agonists

A

tremor

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29
Q

Dopamine receptor activation

A
  • used to treat shock (dilation of renal blood vessels reduces risk of renal failure)
  • enhances cardiac performance by activating beta receptors in the heart
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30
Q

anaphylactic

A
  • severe allergic response
  • hypotension, bronchoconstriction, edema of the glottis
31
Q

treatment of anaphylaxis

A

epinephrine

32
Q

therapeutic uses of epinephrine

A
  • delays absorption of local anesthetic
  • controls superficial bleeding
  • elevates blood pressure
  • overcomes AV block
  • restores cardiac functioning during arrest
  • causes bronchial dilation in patients with asthma
  • treatment of choice for anaphylactic shock
33
Q

epinephrine absorption

A
  • intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SQ), and intravenous (IV)
34
Q

epinephrine half life

A

short

35
Q

adverse effects of epinephrine

A
  • hypertensive crisis
  • dysrhythmias
  • Angina pectoris
  • necrosis after extravasation
  • hyperglycemia
36
Q

hypertensive crisis

A
  • vasoconstriction as a result of alpha1 activation
  • dramatic increase in blood pressure
  • cerebral hemmorage can occur
37
Q

dysrhythmias

A
  • excessive activation of beta1 receptors in the heart
38
Q

what patients are at high risk for dysrhythmias

A

patients with hyperthyroidism

39
Q

angina pectoris

A
  • activation of beta1 receptors (increase cardiac work and oxygen demand)
40
Q

patients at risk for angina pectoris are patients with

A

coronary atherosclerosis

41
Q

treatment of necrosis

A
  • local injection of phentolamine (alpha-adrenegic antagonist)
42
Q

norepinephrine recept specificity

A
  • alpha1
  • alpha2
  • beta1
43
Q

chemical classification of norepinephrine

A

catecholamine

44
Q

therapeutic uses of norepinephrine

A
  • hypotensive states
  • cardiac arrest
45
Q

how does norepinephrine differ from epinephrine

A

does not activate beta2 receptors (does not promote hyperglycemia)

46
Q

norepinephrine cannot be given

A

orally

47
Q

isoproterenol receptor specificity

A

beta1 and beta2

48
Q

isoproterenol chemical classification

A

catecholamine

49
Q

isoproterenol therapeutic uses

A

Cardiovascular
- AV heart block
- cardiac arrest
- increase cardiac output during shock

50
Q

isoproterenol adverse effects

A
  • tachydysrhythmias and angina pectoris
  • hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes
51
Q

administration of isoproterenol

A
  • IV, IM, and intracardiac injections
52
Q

Dopamine receptor specificity at low therapeutic dose

A

dopamine

53
Q

dopamine receptor specificity at moderate therapeutic doses

A

dopamine and beta 1 receptors

54
Q

receptor specificity of dopamine at very high doses

A
  • alpha1 receptors, beta1 receptors, and dopamine
55
Q

therapeutic uses of dopamine

A
  • shock (increases cardiac output, increases renal perfusion)
  • heart failure (increases myocardial contractility)
56
Q

dopamine adverse effects

A
  • tachycardia, dysrhythmias, and anginal pain
  • necrosis with extravasation
57
Q

Dopamine preperations

A

dispensed in aqueus solutions

58
Q

administration of Dopamine

A

administered by IV

59
Q

Dobutamine receptor specificity

A

beta1

60
Q

dobutamine receptor classification

A

catecholamine

61
Q

dobutamine uses

A

congestive heart failure

62
Q

dobutamine adverse effects

A

tachycardia

63
Q

dobutamine administrations

A

continous IV infusion

64
Q

Phenylephrine receptor specificity

A

alpha1

65
Q

phenylephrine chemical classification

A

noncatecholamine

66
Q

therapeutic uses of phenylephrine

A
  • reduced nasal congestion (locally)
  • elevates blood pressure (parenterally)
  • dilates pupils (eye drops)
  • local anesthetic (delays absorption)
67
Q

Salbutamol receptor specificity

A

beta2

68
Q

salbutamol chemical classification

A

noncatecholamines

69
Q

salbutamol therapeutic uses

A

asthma

70
Q

salbutamol adverse effects

A
  • will activate beta1 receptors at higher doeses
  • tremor
  • tachycardia
71
Q

ephedrine receptor specificity

A

alpha1, alpha2, beta1, beta2

72
Q

ephedrine chemical classification

A

nonctecholamines

73
Q

ephedrine is reffered to as

A

mixed-acting drug

HLST220: Pharmacology (23 decks)

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