Chapter 8 - Creating a Republican Culture, 1790-1820

Question 1

neomercantilism

Answer 1

a system of government-assisted economic development embraced by republican state legislatures (especially the Northeast)

Question 2

John Jacob Astor

Answer 2

one of the country’s first millionaires; earned fortune by selling dry goods, carrying furs to China, investing in NYC real estate

Question 3

Panic of 1819

Answer 3

financial crisis caused by agricultural prices plummeting - as farmers lost income, they could not pay debts to stores and banks

Question 4

Commonwealth System

Answer 4

the practice of funneling state aid to private businesses whose projects would improve the general welfare

Question 5

sentimentalism

Answer 5

Romantic movement to celebrate the importance of “feeling” God, nature, and fellow humans

Question 6

companionate marriages

Answer 6

marriages contracted from the motives of affection rather than interest

Question 7

demographic transition

Answer 7

a sharp decline in birthrate occurring after 1800

Question 8

republican motherhood

Answer 8

the theory that women should be educated enough so that they can raise intelligent and moral children

Question 9

Mary Wollstonecraft

Answer 9

feminist and author of “A Vindication of the Rights of Women”

Question 10

Benjamin Rush

Answer 10

author of “Thoughts on Female Education” who encouraged young women to ensure their husbands followed a moral path and that their sons learned to be great men

Question 11

Noah Webster

Answer 11

compiled the “blue-black speller” (dictionary)

Question 12

manumission

Answer 12

the act of a slave owner freeing his or her slaves

Question 13

herrenvolk republic

Answer 13

a “master race” republic where individual liberty and legal equality is only given to whites

Question 14

American Colonization Society

Answer 14

coalition of prominent citizens aiming to free and resettle slaves

Question 15

Richard Allen

Answer 15

first bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal Church; grew up a slave and wished to claim American citizenship

Question 16

Missouri Compromise

Answer 16

1820-1821 agreement that allowed Maine to enter the Union as a free state and Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state; also prohibited slavery above 36°30’

Question 17

established church

Answer 17

an official government-sponsored church

Question 18

voluntarism

Answer 18

the funding of churches by their members

Question 19

unchurched

Answer 19

refers to irreligious Americans

Question 20

Second Great Awakening

Answer 20

unprecedented religious revival between 1790 and 1850; major impetus for reform movements of the era

Question 21

Lyman Beecher

Answer 21

Presbyterian minister who embraced the doctrine of free will

Question 22

Emma Willard

Answer 22

first American advocate for higher education of women