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AP U.S. History > Chapter 4 - Growth, Diversity, and Conflict, 1720-1763 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - Growth, Diversity, and Conflict, 1720-1763 Flashcards

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1
Q

tenant

A

a renter

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2
Q

competency

A

the state of a household being independent and able to support the next generation

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3
Q

marriage portion

A

a gift of land, livestock, or farm equipment passed from parents to children as a repayment for past labor and allowing the parents to choose the marriage partner

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4
Q

“household mode of production”

A

the swapping of labor and goods between neighboring New England households

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5
Q

squatter

A

a person who illegally settles on land, hoping to later acquire it on legal terms

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6
Q

Walking Purchase of 1737

A

land fraud committed by the Penn family - they exploited an old (and probably fraudulent) Indian deed to claim over a million acres of farmland

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7
Q

redemptioner system

A

a flexible form of indentured servitude that allowed families to negotiate terms upon arrival

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8
Q

Enlightenment

A

a European cultural movement that emphasized the power of human reason

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9
Q

Pietism

A

evangelical Christian movement that stressed an individual’s personal relationship with God

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10
Q

Licensing Act

A

until 1695 - an act that allowed the British government to censor all printed materials

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11
Q

Boston Newsletter

A

the first consistently published newspaper in the colonies

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12
Q

natural rights

A

life, liberty, and property

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13
Q

Benjamin Franklin

A

inventor, scholar, and exemplar of the American Enlightenment

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14
Q

Pennsylvania Gazette

A

influential newspaper founded by Benjamin Franklin

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15
Q

Deism

A

a way of thinking stating that God created the universe but stays separate from it and allows it to be governed by natural laws

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16
Q

American Philosophical Society

A

scholarly organization founded by Benjamin Franklin

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17
Q

religious revival

A

a renewal of religious enthusiasm

18
Q

Jonathan Edwards

A

Northampton minister who encouraged Pietism in New England

19
Q

George Whitefield

A

English minister who helped spread the Great Awakening in the colonies

20
Q

Great Awakening

A

a sudden outbreak of religious revival that spread throughout the colonies

21
Q

Old Lights

A

conservative ministers who opposed the Great Awakening

22
Q

New Lights

A

Pietist supporters of the Great Awakening

23
Q

Print Revolution

A

mass production and spread of printed works following the revocation of the Licensing Act and the invention of the printing press

24
Q

Baptism

A

a sect of radical Protestantism with the central ritual of adult baptism

25
Q

French and Indian War

A

a conflict between Britain and France for land claims in America, ending in British triumph

26
Q

William Pitt

A

British leader in the Great War for Empire

27
Q

Treaty of Paris (1763)

A

agreement of Britain’s victory in the Seven Years’ War

28
Q

Neolin

A

known as the Prophet of Delaware; called for ending interaction with the settlers

29
Q

Pontiac

A

Indian chief who led an uprising against British occupation

30
Q

Royal Proclamation of 1763

A

confirmed Indian control of the trans-Appalachian west and declared the land off-limits for colonial settlers

31
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

a European movement (beginning in Britain) characterized by the development of many new manufacturing technologies

32
Q

consumer revolution

A

a general increase in the popularity of English goods

33
Q

Susquehanna Company

A

speculated lands in Wyoming Valley (presently northeastern Pennsylvania)

34
Q

Paxton Boys

A

massacred twenty Conestoga Indians in a demand for the expulsion of all Indians

35
Q

Regulators

A

a group of landowning vigilantes who demanded more courts, fairer taxation, and greater representation for western districts

36
Q

Albany Congress

A

intercolonial conference summoned by Benjamin Franklin in 1754 with the intention of unifying the against the French

37
Q

Albany Plan of Union

A

plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin to counter French expansion (never seriously considered)

38
Q

Isaac Newton

A

English physicist and mathematician who played a key role in the Scientific Revolution

39
Q

Copernicus

A

theorized that Earth revolved around the Sun rather than the other way around

40
Q

Tanaghrisson

A

killed French officer to ensure French and Indian War as well as force British arms to support Iroquois interests

AP U.S. History (31 decks)

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