Chapter 4 - Growth, Diversity, and Conflict, 1720-1763 Flashcards
tenant
a renter
competency
the state of a household being independent and able to support the next generation
marriage portion
a gift of land, livestock, or farm equipment passed from parents to children as a repayment for past labor and allowing the parents to choose the marriage partner
“household mode of production”
the swapping of labor and goods between neighboring New England households
squatter
a person who illegally settles on land, hoping to later acquire it on legal terms
Walking Purchase of 1737
land fraud committed by the Penn family - they exploited an old (and probably fraudulent) Indian deed to claim over a million acres of farmland
redemptioner system
a flexible form of indentured servitude that allowed families to negotiate terms upon arrival
Enlightenment
a European cultural movement that emphasized the power of human reason
Pietism
evangelical Christian movement that stressed an individual’s personal relationship with God
Licensing Act
until 1695 - an act that allowed the British government to censor all printed materials
Boston Newsletter
the first consistently published newspaper in the colonies
natural rights
life, liberty, and property
Benjamin Franklin
inventor, scholar, and exemplar of the American Enlightenment
Pennsylvania Gazette
influential newspaper founded by Benjamin Franklin
Deism
a way of thinking stating that God created the universe but stays separate from it and allows it to be governed by natural laws
American Philosophical Society
scholarly organization founded by Benjamin Franklin
religious revival
a renewal of religious enthusiasm
Jonathan Edwards
Northampton minister who encouraged Pietism in New England
George Whitefield
English minister who helped spread the Great Awakening in the colonies
Great Awakening
a sudden outbreak of religious revival that spread throughout the colonies
Old Lights
conservative ministers who opposed the Great Awakening
New Lights
Pietist supporters of the Great Awakening
Print Revolution
mass production and spread of printed works following the revocation of the Licensing Act and the invention of the printing press
Baptism
a sect of radical Protestantism with the central ritual of adult baptism
French and Indian War
a conflict between Britain and France for land claims in America, ending in British triumph
William Pitt
British leader in the Great War for Empire
Treaty of Paris (1763)
agreement of Britain’s victory in the Seven Years’ War
Neolin
known as the Prophet of Delaware; called for ending interaction with the settlers
Pontiac
Indian chief who led an uprising against British occupation
Royal Proclamation of 1763
confirmed Indian control of the trans-Appalachian west and declared the land off-limits for colonial settlers
Industrial Revolution
a European movement (beginning in Britain) characterized by the development of many new manufacturing technologies
consumer revolution
a general increase in the popularity of English goods
Susquehanna Company
speculated lands in Wyoming Valley (presently northeastern Pennsylvania)
Paxton Boys
massacred twenty Conestoga Indians in a demand for the expulsion of all Indians
Regulators
a group of landowning vigilantes who demanded more courts, fairer taxation, and greater representation for western districts
Albany Congress
intercolonial conference summoned by Benjamin Franklin in 1754 with the intention of unifying the against the French
Albany Plan of Union
plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin to counter French expansion (never seriously considered)
Isaac Newton
English physicist and mathematician who played a key role in the Scientific Revolution
Copernicus
theorized that Earth revolved around the Sun rather than the other way around
Tanaghrisson
killed French officer to ensure French and Indian War as well as force British arms to support Iroquois interests
