Chapter 14 - Two Societies at War, 1861-1865 Flashcards
Jefferson Davis
former U.S. senator and secretary of war who eventually become president of the Confederacy
Robert E. Lee
commander of the Confederate Army
George McClellan
major general for the Union during the Civil War
Ulysses S. Grant
Commanding General of the Union Army and eventual 18th president
William T. Sherman
Union general
fire-eaters
proslavery southern extremists
Confederate States of America
nation formed by the seceded states
Alexander Stephens
vice president of the Confederacy
Crittenden Compromise
proposed by Senator John J. Crittenden; called for constitutional amendment to protect slavery from federal interference where it already existed and called for westward expansion of the Missouri Compromise line
Battle of Fort Sumter
bombardment and surrender of Fort Sumter in Charleston, beginning the Civil War
Battle at Antietam
violent battle (bloodiest day in U.S. military history) resulting in McClellan allowing Lee and his army to retreat to Virginia
total war
a war that mobilizes all of a country’s resources - economic, political, and cultural
draft (conscription)
system for selecting individuals for compulsory military service; first implemented during the Civil War
habeas corpus
legal instruments used to protect people from arbitrary arrest
Clara Barton
Union nurse who later founded the Red Cross
“King Cotton”
nickname for the southern staple crop that had great political and economic importance
greenbacks
paper currency issued by the Union during the Civil War
“contrabands”
slaves who fled plantations and sought protection behind Union lines during the chaos of the Civil War
Radical Republicans
members of the party who had been opposed to the “Slave Power” since the mid-1850s
Emancipation Proclamation
issued by Lincoln on January 1, 1863; legally abolished slavery in all states that remained out of the Union
Battle of Gettysburg
important Union victory - marked military, political, and diplomatic turning point
scorched-earth campaign
campaign in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia led by Union general Philip H. Sheridan; troops destroyed farming resources
War Democrats
vowed to continue fighting until the rebellion ended
Peace Democrats
called for “cessation of hostilities” and a constitutional convention to negotiate a peace settlement
Thirteenth Amendment
abolished slavery
“hard war”
tactics used by Union general William Tecumseh Sherman - treated civilians as combatants
March to the Sea
campaign led by Sherman to the coast of Georgia; army destroyed everything in its path to discourage Confederate efforts
