Chapter 14 - Two Societies at War, 1861-1865

Question 1

Jefferson Davis

Answer 1

former U.S. senator and secretary of war who eventually become president of the Confederacy

Question 2

Robert E. Lee

Answer 2

commander of the Confederate Army

Question 3

George McClellan

Answer 3

major general for the Union during the Civil War

Question 4

Ulysses S. Grant

Answer 4

Commanding General of the Union Army and eventual 18th president

Question 5

William T. Sherman

Answer 5

Union general

Question 6

fire-eaters

Answer 6

proslavery southern extremists

Question 7

Confederate States of America

Answer 7

nation formed by the seceded states

Question 8

Alexander Stephens

Answer 8

vice president of the Confederacy

Question 9

Crittenden Compromise

Answer 9

proposed by Senator John J. Crittenden; called for constitutional amendment to protect slavery from federal interference where it already existed and called for westward expansion of the Missouri Compromise line

Question 10

Battle of Fort Sumter

Answer 10

bombardment and surrender of Fort Sumter in Charleston, beginning the Civil War

Question 11

Battle at Antietam

Answer 11

violent battle (bloodiest day in U.S. military history) resulting in McClellan allowing Lee and his army to retreat to Virginia

Question 12

total war

Answer 12

a war that mobilizes all of a country’s resources - economic, political, and cultural

Question 13

draft (conscription)

Answer 13

system for selecting individuals for compulsory military service; first implemented during the Civil War

Question 14

habeas corpus

Answer 14

legal instruments used to protect people from arbitrary arrest

Question 15

Clara Barton

Answer 15

Union nurse who later founded the Red Cross

Question 16

“King Cotton”

Answer 16

nickname for the southern staple crop that had great political and economic importance

Question 17

greenbacks

Answer 17

paper currency issued by the Union during the Civil War

Question 18

“contrabands”

Answer 18

slaves who fled plantations and sought protection behind Union lines during the chaos of the Civil War

Question 19

Radical Republicans

Answer 19

members of the party who had been opposed to the “Slave Power” since the mid-1850s

Question 20

Emancipation Proclamation

Answer 20

issued by Lincoln on January 1, 1863; legally abolished slavery in all states that remained out of the Union

Question 21

Battle of Gettysburg

Answer 21

important Union victory - marked military, political, and diplomatic turning point

Question 22

scorched-earth campaign

Answer 22

campaign in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia led by Union general Philip H. Sheridan; troops destroyed farming resources

Question 23

War Democrats

Answer 23

vowed to continue fighting until the rebellion ended

Question 24

Peace Democrats

Answer 24

called for “cessation of hostilities” and a constitutional convention to negotiate a peace settlement

Question 25

Thirteenth Amendment

Answer 25

abolished slavery

Question 26

“hard war”

Answer 26

tactics used by Union general William Tecumseh Sherman - treated civilians as combatants

Question 27

March to the Sea

Answer 27

campaign led by Sherman to the coast of Georgia; army destroyed everything in its path to discourage Confederate efforts