Chapter 30 - Conservative America in the Ascent, 1980-1991

Question 1

The Conscience of a Conservative

Answer 1

1960 book by Barry Goldwater that set forth an uncompromising conservatism and inspired a Republican grassroots movement

Question 2

National Review

Answer 2

conservative magazine founded by William F. Buckley in 1955 that was used to criticize liberal policy

Question 3

Religious Right

Answer 3

politically active religious conservatives who became particularly vocal in the 1980s against feminism, abortion, and homosexuality while promoting “family values”

Question 4

hostage crisis

Answer 4

crisis that began in 1979 when Iranians broke into the U.S. embassy in Teheran and took 66 Americans hostage

Question 5

Reagan coalition

Answer 5

coalition supporting Reagan that included Republican Party voters, middle-class suburbanites, blue-collar Catholics, and many southern whites

Question 6

Moral Majority

Answer 6

political organization established by evangelist Jerry Falwell in 1979 to mobilize conservative Christian voters on behalf of Reagan’s campaign for president

Question 7

supply-side economics (Reaganomics)

Answer 7

economic theory that tax cuts for individuals and businesses encourage investment and production and stimulate consumption - in reality, it created a massive federal budget deficit

Question 8

Economic Recovery Tax Act (ERTA)

Answer 8

legislation introduced by Reagan and passed by Congress in 1981 that authorized the largest reduction in taxes in the nation’s history

Question 9

national debt

Answer 9

cumulative total of all budget deficits

Question 10

deregulation

Answer 10

limiting of regulation by federal agencies

Question 11

HIV/AIDS

Answer 11

deadly disease that killed nearly 100,000 in the U.S. in the 1980s

Question 12

service industries

Answer 12

food, beverage, and tourist industries; financial and medical service industries; computer technology industries (leading sectors of growth in late 1980s)

Question 13

Sandinistas

Answer 13

democratically elected group in Nicaragua that Reagan accused of threatening U.S. business interests

Question 14

Contras

Answer 14

opposition group in Nicaragua that Reagan order the CIA to assist

Question 15

Iran-Contra affair

Answer 15

Reagan administration scandal that involved the sale of arms to Iran in exchange for its efforts to secure the release of hostages held in Lebanon and the redirection of the proceeds of those sales to the Nicaraguan Contras

Question 16

glasnost

Answer 16

policy introduced by Gorbachev during the 1980s that involved greater openess and freedom of expression that, unintentionally, contributed to the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union

Question 17

perestroika

Answer 17

economic restructuring policy introduced by Gorbachev in 1980s that unintentionally contributed to the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union

Question 18

family values

Answer 18

values promoted by the Religious Right, including support for the traditional nuclear family and opposition to same-sex marriage and abortion

Question 19

Persian Gulf War

Answer 19

1991 war between Iraq and a U.S.-led international coalition that was sparked by the 1990 Iraqi invastion of Kuwait

Question 20

Ronald Reagan

Answer 20

conservative 40th president

Question 21

William F. Buckley

Answer 21

founder and editor of the Naitonal Review, a conservative magazine

Question 22

Milton Friedman

Answer 22

prominent conservative economist

Question 23

David Stockman

Answer 23

Reagan’s budget advisor who reduced the federal budget in response to the Economic Recovery Tax Act

Question 24

Sandra Day O’Connor

Answer 24

first woman appointed to the Supreme Court

Question 25

Mikhail Gorbachev

Answer 25

eigth and last leader of the Soviet Union, responsible for glasnost and perestroika policies

Question 26

George H.W. Bush

Answer 26

41st president