Chapter 31 - Confronting Global and National Dilemmas, 1989-present

Question 1

Al Qaeda

Answer 1

network of radical Islamic terrorists organized by Osama bin Laden - called for holy war against Americans and responsible for 9/11 attacks

Question 2

globalization

Answer 2

spread of political, cultural, and economic influences and connections among countries, businesses, and individuals around the world through trade, immigration, communication, and other means

Question 3

World Trade Organization (WTO)

Answer 3

international economic body established n 1995 to enforce substantial tariff and import quota reductions

Question 4

Group of Eight (G8)

Answer 4

international organization of the leading capitalist industrial nations: U.S., Britain, Germany, France, Italy, Japan, Canada, Russia

Question 5

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

Answer 5

1993 treaty that eliminated all tariffs and trade barriers among the U.S., Canada, and Mexico

Question 6

multinational corporations

Answer 6

corporations with offices and factories in multiple countries, which expanded to find new markets and cheaper sources of labor

Question 7

Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET)

Answer 7

decentralized computer network developed in the late 1960s by the U.S. Department of Defense in conjunction with MIT (the internet eventually grew from ARPANET)

Question 8

World Wide Web

Answer 8

collection of interlinked computer servers that debuted in 1991, allowing access to millions of documents, pictures, and other materials

Question 9

culture war

Answer 9

long-standing political struggle between religious traditionalists and secular liberals

Question 10

Immigration and Nationality Act

Answer 10

1965 law that eliminated discriminatory 1924 quotas, established a higher limit on total immigration, included provisions to ease entry of immigrants, and allowed immediate family members of legal U.S. residents to be admitted outside of the total numerical limit

Question 11

multiculturalism

Answer 11

promotion of diversity in gender, race, ethnicity, religion, and sexual preference

Question 12

Proposition 209

Answer 12

proposition approved by California voters in 1996 that outlawed affirmative action in state employment and public education

Question 13

Operation Rescue

Answer 13

movement founded by religious activist Randall Terry in 1987 that mounted protests outside abortion clinics and harassed their staff and clients

Question 14

Defense of Marriage Act

Answer 14

law enacted by Congress in 1998 that allowed states to refuse to recognize gay marriages or civil unions formed in other jurisdictions

Question 15

Webster v. Reproductive Health Services

Answer 15

1989 Supreme Court ruling that upheld the authority of state governments to limit the use of public funds and facilities for abortions

Question 16

Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey

Answer 16

1992 Supreme Court case that upheld a law requiring a 24-hour waiting period prior to abortion

Question 17

Lawrence v. Texas

Answer 17

2003 landmark decision by the Supreme Court that limited the power of states to prohibit private homosexual activity between consenting adults

Question 18

Contract with America

Answer 18

initiatives by Newt Gingrich of Georgia for significant tax cuts, reductions in welfare programs, anticrime measures, and cutbacks in federal regulations

Question 19

Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act

Answer 19

legislation signed by President Bill Clinton which provided grants to states to assist the poor and which limited welfare payments to two years, with a lifetime maximum of five years

Question 20

Economic Growth and Tax Relief Act

Answer 20

Bush’s 2001 legislation that slashed income tax rates, extended the earned income credit for the poor, and market the estate tax to be phased out by 2010

Question 21

USA PATRIOT Act

Answer 21

2001 law that gave the government new powers to monitor suspected terrorists and their associates, including the ability to access personal information

Question 22

Abu Ghraib prison

Answer 22

prison near Baghdad, Iraq where American guards were photographed during the Iraq War abusing and torturing suspected insurgents

Question 23

American Recovery and Reinvestment Act

Answer 23

economic stimulus bill passed in 2009 (in response to the Great Recession) that provided $787 billion to state and local government for schools, hospitals, and transportation projects

Question 24

Tea Party

Answer 24

set of far-right opposition groups that emerged during Obama’s first term and gave voice to exterme individualism and antigovernment sentiment

Question 25

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

Answer 25

2010 healthcare reform bill that established nearly universal health insurance by providing subsidies and compelling larger businesses to offer coverage to employees

Question 26

Osama bin Laden

Answer 26

leader of Al Qaeda

Question 27

Bill Clinton

Answer 27

42nd president

Question 28

Hillary Rodham Clinton

Answer 28

former First Lady and Secretary of State; 2016 presidential candidate

Question 29

Newt Gingrich

Answer 29

Georgia representative responsible for Contract with America initiatives

Question 30

Monica Lewinsky

Answer 30

former White House intern who had an affair with Bill Clinton

Question 31

George W. Bush

Answer 31

43rd president

Question 32

Saddam Hussein

Answer 32

president of Iraq during 9/11 attacks

Question 33

Barack Obama

Answer 33

44th president and first African American president