Chapter 1 - Colliding Worlds, 1450-1600

Question 1

tribute

Answer 1

a tax in early American societies

Question 2

Tenochititlan

Answer 2

capital city of the Aztec Empire

Question 3

Cuzco

Answer 3

capital city of the Inca Empire

Question 4

chiefdom

Answer 4

kinship-based societies ruled by chiefs

Question 5

Iroquois Confederacy

Answer 5

a league of five Native American groups in the northeast

Question 6

Hiawatha

Answer 6

according to Iroquois legend, a man who lost his family and was taught condolence rituals by a spirit - he preached these to his people and they became the foundation of the Iroquois Confederacy

Question 7

matriarchy

Answer 7

societies where power is inherited through the female line

Question 8

Anishinaabe

Answer 8

the single identity of Native American groups in the Great Lakes region

Question 9

Pueblo peoples

Answer 9

any of the groups who lived in the Southwest

Question 10

animism

Answer 10

belief system claiming that the natural world is suffused with spiritual power

Question 11

mourning war

Answer 11

wars where one side’s losses result in them capturing and killing the same amount on the opposing side

Question 12

Black Death

Answer 12

a fourteenth-century pandemic that killed millions

Question 13

patriarchy

Answer 13

societies where property and social identity descend through the male line

Question 14

primogeniture

Answer 14

the practice of a father bestowing all of his land to his eldest son

Question 15

peasant

Answer 15

farm workers who live in small villages surrounded by fields

Question 16

republic

Answer 16

states with no prince or king that are governed by merchant coalitions

Question 17

civic humanism

Answer 17

ideology that praised public virtue and service to the state

Question 18

Renaissance

Answer 18

the rebirth of arts and learning in Europe between 1300 and 1450

Question 19

guild

Answer 19

artisan organizations that regulate trade

Question 20

Christianity

Answer 20

a major religion that grew from Jewish monotheism

Question 21

heresy

Answer 21

a doctrine that is inconsistent with the teachings of the church

Question 22

Islam

Answer 22

a major religion that considers Muhammad to be God’s last prophet

Question 23

Crusades

Answer 23

a series of holy wars to reverse the Muslim advance in Europe and win back the holy lands

Question 24

Martin Luther

Answer 24

author of the Ninety-Five Theses, which launched the Protestant Reformation

Question 25

predestination

Answer 25

the belief that God chooses people for salvation before they are born and condemns the rest to Hell

Question 26

Protestant Reformation

Answer 26

a movement that challenged Roman Catholicism and gave rise to Protestantism

Question 27

Counter-Reformation

Answer 27

as a response to the Protestant Reformation, the Catholic Church sought to make changes from within

Question 28

trans-Saharan trade

Answer 28

the transfer of West African goods (gold, salt, copper, slaves) from south to north across the Sahara

Question 29

Timbuktu

Answer 29

a commercial center on the Niger River that became a center of Islamic learning and instruction

Question 30

Prince Henry of Portugal

Answer 30

founded a center for oceanic navigation

Question 31

Bartolomeu Dias

Answer 31

first to round the Cape of Good Hope

Question 32

Vasco da Gama

Answer 32

first European to reach India by sea

Question 33

slavery

Answer 33

the system of owning, buying, and selling slaves

Question 34

reconquista

Answer 34

the campaign by Spanish Catholics to drive Muslim Arabs from the European mainland

Question 35

Christopher Columbus

Answer 35

first European to reach America

Question 36

Amerigo Vespucci

Answer 36

explored present-day South America around 1500 and became namesake of America

Question 37

Hernan Cortes

Answer 37

led expedition to cause fall of Aztec Empire

Question 38

smallpox

Answer 38

disease that wiped out native populations in the Americas

Question 39

Francisco Pizarro

Answer 39

led expedition to conquer Inca Empire

Question 40

plantation system

Answer 40

a form of estate agriculture using slave labor

Question 41

semisedentary

Answer 41

societies that are mobile during some parts of the year and sedentary during others

Question 42

nonsedentary

Answer 42

completely mobile societies

Question 43

sedentary

Answer 43

completely stationary societies

Question 44

Mansa Musa

Answer 44

tenth emperor of Mali who supported mosques, schools, and construction projects

Question 45

Moctezuma

Answer 45

ruler of the Aztec Empire at the time of its fall

Question 46

Pedro Alvares Cabral

Answer 46

discovered Brazil

Question 47

John Calvin

Answer 47

promoted Protestantism and helped it gain many followers during the Reformation

Question 48

Atahualpa

Answer 48

the last Inca emperor, killed by Pizarro