Chapter 1 - Colliding Worlds, 1450-1600 Flashcards
tribute
a tax in early American societies
Tenochititlan
capital city of the Aztec Empire
Cuzco
capital city of the Inca Empire
chiefdom
kinship-based societies ruled by chiefs
Iroquois Confederacy
a league of five Native American groups in the northeast
Hiawatha
according to Iroquois legend, a man who lost his family and was taught condolence rituals by a spirit - he preached these to his people and they became the foundation of the Iroquois Confederacy
matriarchy
societies where power is inherited through the female line
Anishinaabe
the single identity of Native American groups in the Great Lakes region
Pueblo peoples
any of the groups who lived in the Southwest
animism
belief system claiming that the natural world is suffused with spiritual power
mourning war
wars where one side’s losses result in them capturing and killing the same amount on the opposing side
Black Death
a fourteenth-century pandemic that killed millions
patriarchy
societies where property and social identity descend through the male line
primogeniture
the practice of a father bestowing all of his land to his eldest son
peasant
farm workers who live in small villages surrounded by fields
republic
states with no prince or king that are governed by merchant coalitions
civic humanism
ideology that praised public virtue and service to the state
Renaissance
the rebirth of arts and learning in Europe between 1300 and 1450
guild
artisan organizations that regulate trade
Christianity
a major religion that grew from Jewish monotheism
heresy
a doctrine that is inconsistent with the teachings of the church
Islam
a major religion that considers Muhammad to be God’s last prophet
Crusades
a series of holy wars to reverse the Muslim advance in Europe and win back the holy lands
Martin Luther
author of the Ninety-Five Theses, which launched the Protestant Reformation
predestination
the belief that God chooses people for salvation before they are born and condemns the rest to Hell
Protestant Reformation
a movement that challenged Roman Catholicism and gave rise to Protestantism
Counter-Reformation
as a response to the Protestant Reformation, the Catholic Church sought to make changes from within
trans-Saharan trade
the transfer of West African goods (gold, salt, copper, slaves) from south to north across the Sahara
Timbuktu
a commercial center on the Niger River that became a center of Islamic learning and instruction
Prince Henry of Portugal
founded a center for oceanic navigation
Bartolomeu Dias
first to round the Cape of Good Hope
Vasco da Gama
first European to reach India by sea
slavery
the system of owning, buying, and selling slaves
reconquista
the campaign by Spanish Catholics to drive Muslim Arabs from the European mainland
Christopher Columbus
first European to reach America
Amerigo Vespucci
explored present-day South America around 1500 and became namesake of America
Hernan Cortes
led expedition to cause fall of Aztec Empire
smallpox
disease that wiped out native populations in the Americas
Francisco Pizarro
led expedition to conquer Inca Empire
plantation system
a form of estate agriculture using slave labor
semisedentary
societies that are mobile during some parts of the year and sedentary during others
nonsedentary
completely mobile societies
sedentary
completely stationary societies
Mansa Musa
tenth emperor of Mali who supported mosques, schools, and construction projects
Moctezuma
ruler of the Aztec Empire at the time of its fall
Pedro Alvares Cabral
discovered Brazil
John Calvin
promoted Protestantism and helped it gain many followers during the Reformation
Atahualpa
the last Inca emperor, killed by Pizarro
