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AP U.S. History > Chapter 1 - Colliding Worlds, 1450-1600 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Colliding Worlds, 1450-1600 Flashcards

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1
Q

tribute

A

a tax in early American societies

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2
Q

Tenochititlan

A

capital city of the Aztec Empire

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3
Q

Cuzco

A

capital city of the Inca Empire

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4
Q

chiefdom

A

kinship-based societies ruled by chiefs

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5
Q

Iroquois Confederacy

A

a league of five Native American groups in the northeast

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6
Q

Hiawatha

A

according to Iroquois legend, a man who lost his family and was taught condolence rituals by a spirit - he preached these to his people and they became the foundation of the Iroquois Confederacy

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7
Q

matriarchy

A

societies where power is inherited through the female line

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8
Q

Anishinaabe

A

the single identity of Native American groups in the Great Lakes region

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9
Q

Pueblo peoples

A

any of the groups who lived in the Southwest

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10
Q

animism

A

belief system claiming that the natural world is suffused with spiritual power

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11
Q

mourning war

A

wars where one side’s losses result in them capturing and killing the same amount on the opposing side

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12
Q

Black Death

A

a fourteenth-century pandemic that killed millions

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13
Q

patriarchy

A

societies where property and social identity descend through the male line

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14
Q

primogeniture

A

the practice of a father bestowing all of his land to his eldest son

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15
Q

peasant

A

farm workers who live in small villages surrounded by fields

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16
Q

republic

A

states with no prince or king that are governed by merchant coalitions

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17
Q

civic humanism

A

ideology that praised public virtue and service to the state

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18
Q

Renaissance

A

the rebirth of arts and learning in Europe between 1300 and 1450

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19
Q

guild

A

artisan organizations that regulate trade

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20
Q

Christianity

A

a major religion that grew from Jewish monotheism

21
Q

heresy

A

a doctrine that is inconsistent with the teachings of the church

22
Q

Islam

A

a major religion that considers Muhammad to be God’s last prophet

23
Q

Crusades

A

a series of holy wars to reverse the Muslim advance in Europe and win back the holy lands

24
Q

Martin Luther

A

author of the Ninety-Five Theses, which launched the Protestant Reformation

25
Q

predestination

A

the belief that God chooses people for salvation before they are born and condemns the rest to Hell

26
Q

Protestant Reformation

A

a movement that challenged Roman Catholicism and gave rise to Protestantism

27
Q

Counter-Reformation

A

as a response to the Protestant Reformation, the Catholic Church sought to make changes from within

28
Q

trans-Saharan trade

A

the transfer of West African goods (gold, salt, copper, slaves) from south to north across the Sahara

29
Q

Timbuktu

A

a commercial center on the Niger River that became a center of Islamic learning and instruction

30
Q

Prince Henry of Portugal

A

founded a center for oceanic navigation

31
Q

Bartolomeu Dias

A

first to round the Cape of Good Hope

32
Q

Vasco da Gama

A

first European to reach India by sea

33
Q

slavery

A

the system of owning, buying, and selling slaves

34
Q

reconquista

A

the campaign by Spanish Catholics to drive Muslim Arabs from the European mainland

35
Q

Christopher Columbus

A

first European to reach America

36
Q

Amerigo Vespucci

A

explored present-day South America around 1500 and became namesake of America

37
Q

Hernan Cortes

A

led expedition to cause fall of Aztec Empire

38
Q

smallpox

A

disease that wiped out native populations in the Americas

39
Q

Francisco Pizarro

A

led expedition to conquer Inca Empire

40
Q

plantation system

A

a form of estate agriculture using slave labor

41
Q

semisedentary

A

societies that are mobile during some parts of the year and sedentary during others

42
Q

nonsedentary

A

completely mobile societies

43
Q

sedentary

A

completely stationary societies

44
Q

Mansa Musa

A

tenth emperor of Mali who supported mosques, schools, and construction projects

45
Q

Moctezuma

A

ruler of the Aztec Empire at the time of its fall

46
Q

Pedro Alvares Cabral

A

discovered Brazil

47
Q

John Calvin

A

promoted Protestantism and helped it gain many followers during the Reformation

48
Q

Atahualpa

A

the last Inca emperor, killed by Pizarro

AP U.S. History (31 decks)

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