Chapter 7 - Hammering Out a Federal Republic, 1787-1820

Question 1

first presidential cabinet

Answer 1

Thomas Jefferson - Department of State, Alexander Hamilton - Secretary of the Treasury, Henry Knox - Secretary of War

Question 2

Judiciary Act of 1789

Answer 2

established a federal district court in each state, three circuit courts to hear appeals, and the Supreme Court; specified that state cases involving federal laws could be appealed to the Supreme Court

Question 3

Bill of Rights

Answer 3

first ten amendments to the Constitution; safeguarded fundamental personal rights

Question 4

Report on the Public Credit

Answer 4

controversial report by Alexander Hamilton; asked Congress to redeem at face value the $55 million in Confederation securities held by foreign and domestic investors

Question 5

Bank of the United States

Answer 5

jointly owned by private stockholders and federal government; proposed by Hamilton to make loans to merchants; handle government funds, issue bills of credit

Question 6

Alexander Hamilton

Answer 6

Federalist leader and first Secretary of the Treasury - wanted to make a national bank and fought Jefferson about it

Question 7

Report on Manufactures

Answer 7

report by Alexander Hamilton; urged expansion of American manufacturing and moderate revenue tariffs

Question 8

(New) Federalists

Answer 8

supporters (generally northerners) of Alexander Hamilton and his visions for America

Question 9

(Democratic) Republicans

Answer 9

sub-sect of Federalists who disagreed with Alexander Hamilton’s policies; generally southerners led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison

Question 10

Proclamation of Neutrality (1793)

Answer 10

issued by President Washington; declared America neutral in the conflict between France and Britain (therefore allowing merchants to trade with both of them)

Question 11

French Revolution

Answer 11

French movement to abolish feudalism and establish constitutional monarchy; inspired by the American Revolution

Question 12

Jacobins

Answer 12

radical democratic group formed during the French Revolution

Question 13

Whiskey Rebellion

Answer 13

to protest Hamilton’s tax on spirits, rebels assailed tax collectors who took their money; dispersed by Washington’s militia force of 12,000

Question 14

Jay’s Treaty

Answer 14

1795 treaty between U.S. and Britain, negotiated by John Jay; accepted Britain’s right to stop neutral ships and allowed Americans to submit claims for illegal seizures while requiring British to remove troops and Indian agents from Northwest Territory

Question 15

Haitian Revolution

Answer 15

inspired by American and French revolutions; thousands of refugees fled the island and came to America

Question 16

XYZ Affair

Answer 16

1797 incident in which American negotiators in France were rejected for refusing to pay a substantial bribe; led to undeclared maritime war

Question 17

Naturalization Act

Answer 17

lengthened residency requirement for American citizenship from five to fourteen years

Question 18

Alien Act

Answer 18

authorized deportation of foreigners

Question 19

Sedition Act

Answer 19

prohibited publication of insults or malicious attacks on the president or members of Congress

Question 20

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

Answer 20

passed by these state legislatures in 1798 to protest the Alien and Sedition Acts - set forth a states’ rights interpretation of the Constitution

Question 21

Little Turtle

Answer 21

chief of the Miami Indians; led the Western Confederation (a coalition a tribes) to defeat expeditionary forces of Americans sent by President Washington

Question 22

John Adams

Answer 22

Federalist and second president

Question 23

Treaty of Greenville (1795)

Answer 23

acknowledged Indian ownership of Ohio land - then Americans paid Western Confederacy to cede most of the land and accept American sovereignty

Question 24

Eli Whitney

Answer 24

inventor of the cotton gin

Question 25

John Marshall

Answer 25

Federalist chief justice of the Supreme Court during Jefferson’s presidency

Question 26

Judiciary Act of 1801

Answer 26

created sixteen new judgeships and other positions in the Supreme Court

Question 27

Maybury v. Madison (1803)

Answer 27

Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review

Question 28

Louisiana Purchase

Answer 28

sold by Napoleon, who feared American invasion, to Thomas Jefferson for $15 million in 1803

Question 29

Lewis and Clark

Answer 29

Jefferson’s secretary and an army officer, respectively, who were sent by Jefferson to explore the Louisiana territory

Question 30

Sacagawea

Answer 30

Shoshone Indian woman who served as a guide and translator for Lewis and Clark

Question 31

Napoleon

Answer 31

French military and political leader who came to control much of Europe

Question 32

Embargo Act of 1807

Answer 32

prohibited American ships from leaving home ports until Britain and France stopped restricting U.S. trade

Question 33

Tecumseh

Answer 33

Shawnee war chief who revived the Western Confederacy and urged Indians to shun Americans and return to their old ways

Question 34

Battle of Tippecanoe

Answer 34

attack on Shawnee Indians by American forces (led by William Henry Harrison); led to massive casualties for both sides

Question 35

War of 1812

Answer 35

declared by U.S. on Britain for violation of commercial rights as a neutral nation

Question 36

Henry Clay

Answer 36

Speaker of the House of Representatives who pushed Madison towards the War of 1812

Question 37

Treaty of Ghent

Answer 37

ended War of 1812 due to exhaustion on both sides; retained prewar borders in the U.S.

Question 38

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

Answer 38

Supreme Court case that asserted the dominance of national over state statutes

Question 39

Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819

Answer 39

agreement where John Quincy Adams persuaded Spain to cede the Florida territory to the U.S.

Question 40

Monroe Doctrine

Answer 40

warned Spain and other European powers to stay away from the newly independent republics in Latin America and that the American continents were “not subjects for further colonization”

Question 41

John Quincy Adams

Answer 41

Secretary of State under James Monroe and sixth president